ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Rubio, Atina'daki Pnyx'te Batı'nın geleceğini anlattı
Rubio Speaks About the Future of the West in Athens
Haberin kaynağı: yunanda.net — ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Rubio, Atina'daki Pnyx'te Batı'nın geleceğini anlattı

ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Rubio, Atina'daki Pnyx'te Batı'nın geleceğini anlattı
ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Marco Rubio çarşamba günü Atina'daki Pnyx'te geniş kapsamlı bir konuşma yaparak, antik Yunan mirasından yola çıkarak Batı dünyasının değerlerini, zorluklarını ve geleceğini ele aldı. Akropolis'in eşliğinde konuşan Rubio, Batı uygarlığının tarihsel temellerini, ulusal bağlılığı, özgürlüğü ve güçlü bir transatlantik ittifakın önemini anlattı.
ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Marco Rubio'nun Pnyx'teki konuşmasının tam metni:
Dünyanın her yanında büyük harabeler vardır. Bunların çoğu, tarihin kendini tükettiği yerlerdir: canlı hafızanın çoktan ötesine geçmiş uzak kültürlerin kalıntıları.
Ama Akropolis başkadır.
Binlerce yıldır, arkamda duran yapıyı inşa eden uygarlık Batı dünyasının hayal gücünü kendine bağladı. Devlet adamlarımızın, sanatçılarımızın, filozoflarımızın kuşakları ona baktı — hayranlıkla baktılar, dehşetle baktılar.
Zaman zamanla duyuları köreltme eğilimindedir: büyük zaferler ve yıkıcı yenilgiler, ders kitabında bir dipnota, öğrencilerimizin ezbere öğrenip unutacağı bir ayrıntıya dönüşür gibi olur. Ama antik Yunanlar hafızamızda neredeyse mistik bir yer tutar. Bizi tekrar tekrar kendilerine çağırırlar.
İsa'dan 480 yıl önce Kserkses'in orduları bu kente varıp kutsal yerlerini ateşe verdi. Atinalıların çoğu o sıralarda gemiyle yakın bir adaya tahliye olmuştu. Ama küçük bir grup evini terk etmeyi reddetti. Bunun yerine Akropolis'in kayalık kalesine barikat kurup olağanüstü bir son direnişe kalkıştılar; uçurumlardan aşağı dev taşlar yuvarlayarak Pers işgalcilerini püskürttüler ve dönemin en büyük imparatorluğunu günlerce uzak tuttular. Sonunda üstün geldiler. Persler tapınakları yağmaladı, mabetleri yaktı, Akropolis'i yerle bir etti. Ama Atinalılar döndüklerinde eski Akropolis'in kırık kalıntılarını toplayıp ayakta durduğu tepenin altına gömdüler. Onlarca yıl sonra da Perikles döneminde Partenon'u inşa ettiler .
Ondan bu yana 25 asır geçti. Partenon'un gölgesinde imparatorluklar yükseldi ve çöktü. Onu yapanların soyundan gelenler — Atina ve Roma'nın oğulları — uygarlıklarını dünyanın en uzak köşelerine kadar taşıdı.
Amerika cumhuriyetinin, şimdi durduğum yerin tam karşı yakasında kuruluşundan iki buçuk asır sonra — bugün o cumhuriyetin Dışişleri Bakanı olarak, Yeni Dünya'ya İspanya'dan göç etmiş yerleşimcilerin bir torunu olarak — burada, hiçbir zamanın aşındıramayacağı, hiçbir mesafenin silemeyeceği bir borca tanıklık etmek için duruyorum.
Amerika'nın, ülkemizin tarihi antik dünyanın parmak izleriyle kaplıdır. Yunanistan, hükümetimizin mimarisine kelimenin tam anlamıyla kazınmıştır: yükselen sütunlarda, kubbelere ve başkentimizdeki anıtlarda. Anayasamızın doğduğu kent — Philadelphia — bizzat Yunanca bir addır.
Ülkemi kuranlar sizin bize miras bıraktığınız bu birikime hayrandılar. Tarihi olağanüstü derecede iyi biliyorlardı — tarihteki özgün yerlerinin fazlasıyla farkındaydılar — ama hiçbir çağ antik dünya kadar ilgilerini ve hayal güçlerini çekmedi. Federalist Yazılar'da en çok atıf yapılan yazarın bir Aydınlanma filozofu ya da siyaset kuramcısı olmadığını öğrenen pek çok kişi şaşırır. Hayır, Federalist Yazılar'da en çok atıf yapılan yazar, Yunan ve Roma'nın büyük adamlarının biyografilerini yazan Yunanlı Plutarh idi.
Antik Yunan'ın Amerika'nın Kurucuları'nın fikirleri üzerindeki etkisi hakkında — bu arada onlardan önce gelen tüm Batılı filozoflar ve devlet adamları için de — çok şey yazıldı ve söylendi. Çoğumuz temel tarihi biliriz. Atina bize demokrasiyi verdi. Platon ve Aristoteles bize Batı felsefesini verdi. Hukuk, erdem, yurttaşlık ve cumhuriyetçi yönetim fikirlerimiz Yunan şehir devletlerinde şekillendi. Siyaset dağarcığımızın büyük bölümü — demokrasi, tiranlık gibi sözcükler, "siyaset" sözünün kendisi — burada doğdu.
Bunların hepsi doğru. Ama bu yere borçlu olduklarımız — Amerikalılar ve Batılılar olarak — aslında çok ama çok daha derindir. Bu kurumlar ve fikirler, antik Yunanlarda gördüğümüz daha temel niteliklerin dışa vurumuydu; herhangi bir siyasal sisteme ya da kurama indirgenemeyen nitelikler.
Burada, Atina'da, Batı'yı tanımlayacak tüm asıl niteliklerin ilk kez tam anlamıyla vücut bulduğunu gördük: amansız bireysellik ve bitmeyen hırs; cesur keşif ve icat; keşfe, maceraya, riske ve şöhrete duyulan özlem. Dünya ve onu işleyen ilkeler hakkında doymak bilmez bir merak, doğanın gizemlerini öğrenme ve kozmosun sırlarını kavrama açlığı. İmkânsızlık fikrine tahammülsüzlük, tüm sınır ve engellere karşı huzursuzluk, bilinmeyenin derinliklerine bakma çabası.
Bunlar yalnızca belirli bir felsefe okulunun formülleri ya da ilkeleri değildi. Bir halkın karakteriydi — geleneklerinde, öykülerinde, hayal güçlerinde; yurttaşlarından bekledikleri niteliklerde; uğruna yaşadıkları, savaştıkları ve öldükleri şeylerde ifadesini bulan bir karakter.
Onları tanımak kendimizi tanımaktır.
Bu yerde filizlenen şey, cehaletin, karanlığın ve uzaklığın insanın zihninden sakladığı her şeyi ortaya çıkarma isteğiydi. Yunanlar yalnızca tarihi şekillendirmediler; Yunanlar bize tarihin kendisini verdi. Birçok antik uygarlık hakkında bildiklerimizin büyük bölümü neredeyse tamamen Yunan kaşiflerin ve tarihçilerin kayıtlarından gelir; bu kaşif ve tarihçiler yalnızca kendi halklarının tarihini yazmakla kalmadı, dışarı çıkıp dünyanın dört bir yanındaki yabancı halkların ve kültürlerin destanlarını gözlemleyip kaydettiler.
Başkaları içe bakarken, Yunanlar ilgisini dışarı yönlendiren ilk halk oldu; alışılmadık ve yeni olan her şeyi görmenin heyecanını ve şerefini kovaladılar. Batı'yı başkalarının yapamayacağı şeyleri yaratmaya ve inşa etmeye iten işte bu nitelikti; istikrarın ve geçim derdinin hayatın en yüksek hedefi olduğu pek çok kültür ve uygarlıktan bizi ayıran özellik.
Ama Yunanlardan miras aldığımız yalnızca bilinmeyeni keşif hırsı değil; bilinmeyenin bilinebileceği inancıdır. Dünyanın çizilebileceği, ölçülebileceği, haritalanabileceği ve anlaşılabileceği güveni — ve kozmosun belirli temel yasalarca yönetilen rasyonel bir düzeni olduğu, insanların gözlemleyebileceği ve zihnin kavrayabileceği yasalar.
Batı zihninin temeli buydu: matematiğimiz, bilimimiz, tıbbımız. Felsefemiz, ahlakımız ve dinimiz. İsa Mesih'in müjdesinin Avrupa'da verimli toprak bulmasına ve büyüyerek Hristiyanlığın imparatorluğuna dönüşmesine yol açtı. Hristiyan ilahiyatının zenginliğinin — Augustinus'un, Aquino'lu Thomas'ın ve tüm doğal hukuk geleneğinin — temeliydi.
Yalnızca ortak bir kültürle değil, ortak bir antropolojiyle — insan ve evrendeki yeri konusunda ortak bir bakışla — nitelenen bir uygarlık doğurdu. Onun soyundan gelenler yalnızca doğal düzen fikrini değil, erdeme dair özgün bir anlayışı; kader ve alın yazısına dair; doğruluğa, iyiye ve güzele dair; insanların nasıl yaşaması gerektiğini buyuran bir düzene dair; gayret gösterilecek nesnel ölçütler ve ideallere dair anlayışı paylaşacaktı.
Antik Yunanlar için üstünlük arayışı insanın varoluşunun ilkesiydi. Tüm sivil yaşamı yarış, hırs, rekabet üzerine kurdular: felsefe ve şiirde, heykel ve dramada, atletizm ve sanatta, savaşta ve devlet yönetiminde. Klasik Yunan kenti büyük adamların kendilerini sınaması ve kanıtlaması, bitmeyen mücadeleyle potansiyellerini bileyerek en iyi, en güçlü, en güzel olmaya, kusursuzluğa her seferinde biraz daha yaklaşmaya çalışması için bir arenaydı.
Modern kulaklara az önce anlattığım bu yaşam tarzı tuhaf gelebilir; hatta acımasız bile gelebilir. Günümüzdeki birçok ideolojinin ideali açıkçası, riskin ve başarısızlığın olmadığı, zaferin şeremi de yenilginin utancı da bulunmayan kusursuz bir güvenlik dünyası haline geldi. Günümüzde çoğu zaman aşağı doğru inşa ediyoruz. Standartlarımızı kimsenin kaybetmeyeceği şekilde tasarlıyoruz; en kötüsünün konforunu, en iyisinin potansiyelinden daha çok dert ediyoruz. Aramızdaki en seçkin şeyleri sıradanlığın, vasatın rehinesi yapıyoruz.
Partenon'u yapanlar yukarı doğru inşa ettiler. Hayatta en yüksek ve en soylu idealin herkesi geride bırakmak, her konuda en iyi olmaya çalışmak olduğunu savundular. Antik Yunan şehir devletleri şiddetli tutkuyla, rekabetle, hiziple, çatışmayla doluydu. Ama ayırt edilme uğrundaki bu sürekli mücadeleden sanatın ve felsefenin ve siyasal ile düşünsel enerjinin büyük doğuşu çıktı; Akdeniz'in bir kentler topluluğunu dünyanın en büyük uygarlığının beşiğine dönüştürecek olan doğuş.
Antik Yunanların dediği gibi thumos — tutkunun, gücün, cesaretin, gururun ateşi — büyük uygarlığın kalbidir. Ve onsuz? Uluslar savaşma, mücadele etme, hayatta kalma iradesini yitirir.
Bugün Batı'nın büyük bölümü bu niteliği unuttu. Zamanla biz Batılılar bizi seçkin kılan şeylerden utanır olduk. Başarılarımızın bizi dünyanın geri kalanından ayırmasından rahatsızlık duyduk. Refahımız bir şekilde suçluluk kaynağına dönüştü. Büyüklüğümüzü hak ettiğimize ve kazandığımıza inanmayı bıraktık.
"Milliyetçilik" sözcüğü kirli bir kelime oldu. Anıtlarımızı yıktık; kendi tarihimizi mahkûm ettik. Pek çok yerde çocuklarımıza miras alacakları ülkelerinden utanmayı öğrettik. Bu süreçte sınırlarımızı açtık, sanayimizi dışarı taşıdık, silahlı kuvvetlerimizin çürümesine izin verdik.
Ve geçen her yıl egemenliğimizin daha fazlasını dışarı devretmiş gibi göründük; kararlarımızı denetimimizin çok ötesindeki küresel bürokrasilere aktardık.
Ama başkaları bizim bıraktığımız boşluğu — zayıflığımızdan doğan boşluğu — doldurmaya fazlasıyla hazırdı. Batı'nın güveni sarsıldıkça düşmanları ve rakipleri daha iddialı hale geldi, bizim yerimize kendi zenginliklerini ve kendi güçlerini inşa ettiler.
Ve bugün bir yol ayrımındayız. Çünkü önümüzdeki on yıl ve vereceğimiz kararlar gelecek yüzyılın hikâyesini yazacak. İzleyeceğimiz yol, Batı'nın dünyanın başında yerini koruyup korumayacağını ya da çürümenin, köleliğin ve gerilemenin geleceğine boyun eğip eğmeyeceğini belirleyecek. Ya şimdi harekete geçmeyi seçeceğiz ya da hiç seçme hakkını kaybedeceğiz.
Trump yönetimi altında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri kararını verdi. Biz ulusal gücü özür dilemeden savunmayı seçiyoruz : kritik tedarik zincirlerimizin denetimini geri almak, ekonomimizi yeniden sanayileştirmek, savunmamızı yeniden kurmak, geleceğin teknolojileri ve sanayilerinde hâkimiyet için mücadele etmek.
Yeni sınırlara ulaşmayı seçiyoruz: ileri imalatta ve süper zekâda; insansız hava araçlarında, silahlarda ve savaşta; çiplerde, minerallerde, siber alanda ve insan olanağının diğer her alanında. Enerjimizi açığa çıkarmak, fabrikalarımızı yeniden kurmak, astronotlarımızı aya döndürmek ve uzayda yeni bir keşf çağı başlatmak.
Antik Yunanlar ne kadar yüce ideallere sahip olsalar da saf değillerdi. Ulusların çıkarları olduğunu biliyorlardı. Devlet yönetiminin öngörü ve diplomasi gerektirdiğini biliyorlardı ama öngörü ve diplomasinin iflas ettiği anda güç kullanma becerisi gerektiğini de biliyorlardı. Gücün yalnızca kendini savunma imkânına sahip olmayı değil, o gücü kullanmaya hazır olduğunuzun inandırıcılığını da gerektirdiğini biliyorlardı.
Trump yönetiminin yeniden kazanmak istediği siyaset ve devlet yönetimi anlayışı budur — yalnız bizim ülkemiz için değil, tüm uygarlığımız için.
Avrupa'nın uzun uykusundan uyanıp binlerce yıl önce burada yakılan ateşi yeniden canlandırabileceğine inanıyoruz.
Belirtiler zaten var.
Bu kıtada, nesiller boyu sürecek bir değişimin başlangıcı olmasını umduğumuz şeye tanık oluyoruz: tavan yapan savunma harcamaları, birbirini izleyen yeni ortaklıklar ve programlar, geçen yıl Lahey'de yapılan tarihi savunma taahhütlerini izleyen genişleyen imalat ve üretim.
Yunanistan bu değişimin merkezinde oldu. Bu ulusun halkı, enerjiden göçmenliğe ve savunmaya kadar her konuda — Yunanistan'ın örnek bir müttefik olduğu savunma dahil — hem Avrupa hem de Amerika Birleşik Devletleri için vazgeçilmez bir dost olduğunu bir kez daha kanıtladı.
Ve tüm Avrupa'nın sizin örneğinizi izlemesini içtenlikle umuyoruz.
Tutkular zaman zaman Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Avrupa arasındaki sevgi bağlarını germiş olsa da, bu bağların kopmasına izin verilmemelidir. Birlikte, çağımızın tehditlerine göğüs gerebilecek bir ittifakı güçlendirmeliyiz.
Bu metin Yunanda sitesindeki haberin kendisidir.
Bu seviyede: Günlük hayattaki çok basit ifadeleri ve tanıdık kelimeleri anlarsın. Kendini tanıtabilir, basit sorular sorup cevaplayabilirsin.
Bu metinde: Present simpleGeniş zamanPast simpleBasit geçmiş zamanVerb to be (is/was)Be fiili (is/was)
87 kelime · ortalama cümle 7 kelime · ~1 dk okuma
Marco Rubio speaks in Athens
Marco Rubio is the foreign minister of the USA. He spoke in Athens on Wednesday. He was at the Pnyx. The Acropolis was there.
He talked about the West and its future. He said ancient Greece is very important. He said America has many things from ancient Greece. For example, Philadelphia is a Greek name. He said Athens gave us democracy.
He said Greece is a very good friend. It is a friend of Europe and the USA. He wants the USA and Europe to work together.
Bu metnin sözlüğü (59)
- a /ə/
- det birOne; used before a singular noun
- about /əˈbaʊt/
- prep hakkındaOn the subject of
- acropolis
- noun AkropolisThe famous old hill with temples in Athens
- america
- noun Amerika (ABD)The USA
- ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/
- adj antik, eskiVery, very old
- ancient greece
- noun Antik YunanistanThe Greek land and people of very long ago
- and /ænd/
- conj veWord that joins things
- at /æt/
- prep -de, -daIn or near a place
- athens
- noun AtinaThe capital city of Greece
- democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/
- noun demokrasiA way to rule where people vote
- europe
- noun AvrupaA continent with many countries
- example /ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/
- noun örnekOne thing that shows what others are like
- for /fɔː/
- prep içinWord used to show a reason or use
- for example
- phrase örneğinUsed to give one case of something
- foreign /ˈfɒrən/
- adj yabancı, dışFrom or about another country
- foreign minister
- noun dışişleri bakanıThe government person who talks to other countries
- friend /frend/
- noun dostA person or country you like and help
- from /frɒm/
- prep -den, -danComing out of a place or time
- future /ˈfjuːtʃə/
- noun gelecekThe time that will come
- gave /ɡeɪv/
- verb verdiPast of give: let someone have something
- good /ɡʊd/
- adj iyiNice; not bad
- greece
- noun YunanistanA country in southeast Europe
- greek /ɡriːk/
- adj Yunan, YunancaFrom Greece
- has /hæz/
- verb sahip, varForm of 'have' for he, she, it
- he /hiː/
- pron o (erkek)A man or boy we talk about
- important /ɪmˈpɔːtənt/
- adj önemliHaving a big meaning or value
- in /ɪn/
- prep -de, -daInside a place
- is /ɪz/
- verb -dir, -dırForm of 'be' for he, she, it
- it /ɪt/
- pron o (eşya)A thing or place we talk about
- its /ɪts/
- det onun (eşya)Of it
- many /ˈmeni/
- det birçokA large number of
- marco
- noun Marco Rubio'nun adıThe first name of Marco Rubio
- marco rubio
- noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıA US politician who is the foreign minister of the USA
- minister /ˈmɪnɪstə/
- noun bakanA person who leads a part of the government
- name /neɪm/
- noun isim, adThe word a person or place is called
- of /ɒv/
- prep -in, -ınWord that shows who or what has something
- on /ɒn/
- prep -de, -da (gün)Word used before a day
- philadelphia
- noun Philadelphia (ABD şehri)A big city in the USA
- pnyx
- noun Pnyx Tepesi (Atina)An old hill in Athens where people met to vote
- rubio
- noun Marco Rubio'nun soyadıThe family name of Marco Rubio
- said /sed/
- verb dediPast of say: spoke words
- speaks spiːks
- verb konuşur — Metinde 'spoke' (konuştu) biçimi geçer; 'speaks' ise 'speak' fiilinin he/she/it ile kullanılan şimdiki zaman biçimidir (başlıkta).says words to people; talks
- spoke /spəʊk/
- verb konuştu — speak fiilinin geçmişiPast of speak: said words to people
- talked /tɔːkt/
- verb konuştuSaid words to people
- talked about
- phrase hakkında konuştuSpoke about a subject
- the /ðə/
- det (belirli tanımlık)Word used before a thing we know or name
- there /ðeə/
- adv oradaIn that place
- things /θɪŋz/
- noun şeylerObjects or ideas
- to /tuː/
- prep -e, -a; (fiille) -mekWord used before a verb or a place
- together /təˈɡeðə/
- adv birlikteWith each other
- us /ʌs/
- pron bizeThe speaker and other people
- usa
- noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe United States of America, a big country
- very /ˈveri/
- adv çokMore than a little
- wants /wɒnts/
- verb istiyorHopes to have or do something
- was /wɒz/
- verb idi, -dıPast of 'be' for he, she, it
- wednesday
- noun çarşambaThe day after Tuesday
- west /west/
- noun Batı — Burada coğrafi yön değil, Batı dünyasıCountries of Europe and North America
- work /wɜːk/
- verb çalışmakDo a job or task
- work together
- phrase birlikte çalışmakDo a job with other people
Bu seviyede: Alışveriş, iş, yakın çevre gibi tanıdık konulardaki cümleleri anlarsın. Rutin işlerde basit ve doğrudan bilgi alışverişi yapabilirsin.
Bu metinde: Past simpleGeçmiş zamanPresent simpleGeniş zamanWant to + verbİstemek + fiilWill for predictionsWill ile gelecekModal verb mustGereklilik: must
142 kelime · ortalama cümle 10 kelime · ~2 dk okuma
Rubio spoke in Athens about the West
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio gave a big speech on Wednesday. He spoke at the Pnyx in Athens. The Acropolis was behind him. He started with the heritage of ancient Greece. He talked about the values, problems and future of the West.
He said America owes a lot to ancient Greece. He said Greece is in the buildings of the American government. The city of Philadelphia has a Greek name. The most quoted writer in the Federalist Papers was Plutarch, a Greek. He said the West is at a crossroads.
Rubio said the Trump administration made its choice. It wants to build its industry and its defense again. He said Greece is an important friend of Europe and the United States. He hopes all of Europe will follow Greece. He said the United States and Europe must keep a strong alliance.
Bu metnin sözlüğü (89)
- a ə
- det birone; used before a thing not known before
- about əˈbaʊt
- prep hakkındaon the subject of
- Acropolis
- noun Atina AkropolüThe famous ancient hill with old buildings in Athens.
- administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən
- noun yönetima government and its leaders
- again əˈɡen
- adv yenidenone more time
- all ɔːl
- pron hepsievery one; the whole group
- alliance əˈlaɪəns
- noun ittifakan agreement between countries to help each other
- America
- noun AmerikaThe United States.
- American əˈmerɪkən
- adj Amerikanof the United States
- an æn
- det bir — Ünlü sesle başlayan sözcüklerden önce kullanılır.a word used before a singular noun that starts with a vowel sound
- ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
- adj antik, çok eskifrom a very long time ago
- and ænd
- conj veused to join words or ideas
- at æt
- prep -de, -dain a place
- at a crossroads
- phrase yol ayrımındaat a time when an important choice must be made
- Athens
- noun Atina, Yunanistan'ın başkentiThe capital city of Greece.
- be biː
- verb olmak — was = geçmiş, is = şimdiki zamanto exist or to be in a state or place
- behind bɪˈhaɪnd
- prep arkasındaat the back of someone or something
- big bɪɡ
- adj büyük, önemlilarge or important
- build bɪld
- verb inşa etmek, geliştirmekto make something grow or exist
- building ˈbɪldɪŋ
- noun binaa structure with walls and a roof
- choice tʃɔɪs
- noun seçima decision between two or more things
- city ˈsɪti
- noun şehira large town
- defense dɪˈfens
- noun savunma — İngiliz yazımı: defenceprotection of a country from attack
- Europe
- noun AvrupaThe continent that includes Greece, France and Germany.
- federalist ˈfedərəlɪst
- adj federalist — Burada 'Federalist Papers' adının parçası.part of the name of a famous book; about a government with shared power
- Federalist Papers
- noun Federalist YazılarıFamous old writings about how the US government should work.
- federalist papers
- phrase Federalist Yazılarıfamous American writings from the 1780s that explain the idea of the US government
- follow ˈfɒləʊ
- verb izlemek, takip etmekto do the same as someone else
- friend frend
- noun dost, müttefika person or country that helps and likes you
- future ˈfjuːtʃə
- noun gelecekthe time that will come after now
- gave a speech
- phrase konuşma yaptıtalked to a group of people in a formal way
- give ɡɪv
- verb vermek — düzensiz: give-gave-givento hand something to someone
- government ˈɡʌvənmənt
- noun hükümetthe group of people who rule a country
- Greece
- noun YunanistanA country in southern Europe.
- Greek ɡriːk
- adj Yunan, Yunanca — Metinde ayrıca 'Yunanlı kişi' anlamında da geçer.from or about Greece
- have hæv
- verb sahip olmak — has = he/she/it ileto own or to carry
- he hiː
- pron o (erkek)a man or boy already talked about
- heritage ˈherɪtɪdʒ
- noun mirasold things and ideas passed down from the past
- him hɪm
- pron onu, ona (erkek)a man already talked about, as object
- hope həʊp
- verb ummakto want something to happen
- important ɪmˈpɔːtənt
- adj önemlihaving great value or meaning
- in ɪn
- prep -de, içindeinside a place or thing
- industry ˈɪndəstri
- noun sanayifactories and companies that make things
- it ɪt
- pron o (nesne/yönetim)a thing or group already talked about
- its ɪts
- det onun (nesne)belonging to it
- keep kiːp
- verb sürdürmekto continue to have something
- lot lɒt
- noun çok miktara large amount (a lot)
- make meɪk
- verb yapmak (karar) — düzensiz: make-made-madeto decide or do (a choice)
- Marco
- noun Marco Rubio'nun adıThe first name of Marco Rubio.
- most məʊst
- adv en (çok)more than all others
- must mʌst
- verb -meliused when something is necessary
- name neɪm
- noun isimthe word someone or something is called
- of ɒv
- prep -nin, -inbelonging to or part of
- on ɒn
- prep -de (gün)used before a day
- owe əʊ
- verb borçlu olmakto have good things thanks to someone
- owe a lot to
- phrase çok şey borçlu olmakto have got much help or good things from someone
- papers ˈpeɪpəz
- noun yazılar, makaleler — Burada 'Federalist Papers' adının parçası.written texts or essays
- Philadelphia
- noun Philadelphia, ABD şehriA big city in the United States.
- Plutarch
- noun Plutarkhos, antik Yunan yazarA Greek writer from ancient times.
- Pnyx
- noun Atina'da antik bir tepeAn old hill in Athens where people met in ancient times.
- problem ˈprɒbləm
- noun sorunsomething difficult that needs a solution
- quote kwəʊt
- verb alıntılamakto repeat the words of someone else
- Rubio
- noun Marco Rubio, ABD Dışişleri BakanıThe US Secretary of State in this text.
- say seɪ
- verb söylemek — düzensiz: say-said-saidto speak words to tell something
- secretary ˈsekrətri
- noun bakan — ABD'de 'Secretary of State' dışişleri bakanıdır.a top government leader in charge of one big area
- Secretary of State
- noun Dışişleri BakanıThe US government minister who deals with other countries.
- secretary of state
- phrase dışişleri bakanıthe US government leader in charge of relations with other countries
- speak spiːk
- verb konuşmak — düzensiz: speak-spoke-spokento say words to people
- speech spiːtʃ
- noun konuşmaa talk given to a group of people
- start stɑːt
- verb başlamakto begin to do something
- state steɪt
- noun devlet — 'Secretary of State' ifadesinin parçası.a country or its government
- states steɪts
- noun devletler (ülke) — Burada 'United States' adının parçası.countries; here part of the name 'United States'
- strong strɒŋ
- adj güçlüpowerful and not easy to break
- talk tɔːk
- verb konuşmakto speak about something
- the ðə
- det (belirli tanımlık)used before a known person or thing
- the West
- noun Batı (dünyası)The countries of Europe and North America.
- to tuː
- prep -e, -atowards; used with a person or place
- Trump
- noun Donald Trump, ABD başkanıThe US president in this text.
- Trump administration
- noun Trump yönetimiThe government led by President Trump.
- united juˈnaɪtɪd
- adj birleşik — Burada 'United States' adının parçası.joined together as one
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe country of America.
- united states
- phrase Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe big country in North America; the USA
- US
- adj ABD'ninShort for United States.
- value ˈvæljuː
- noun değerlerideas about what is right and important
- want wɒnt
- verb istemekto hope to have or do something
- Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
- noun Çarşambathe day after Tuesday
- will wɪl
- verb -ecekused to talk about the future
- with wɪð
- prep iletogether; using
- writer ˈraɪtə
- noun yazara person who writes books or articles
Bu seviyede: İş, okul, gündem gibi tanıdık konulardaki net metinlerin ana fikrini anlarsın. Olayları, deneyimleri ve planları anlatabilirsin.
Bu metinde: Reported speech with 'said that'Dolaylı anlatımPresent perfectYakın geçmiş zaman (present perfect)Defining relative clausesTanımlayıcı ilgi cümleleriSimple passiveEdilgen yapı
250 kelime · ortalama cümle 15 kelime · ~2 dk okuma
Rubio Speaks About the Future of the West in Athens
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio gave a long speech at the Pnyx in Athens on Wednesday. He spoke with the Acropolis behind him. He talked about the values, problems and future of the Western world.
Rubio said that ancient Greece has deeply influenced the history of the United States. He said that Greece is carved into the architecture of the American government. The city where the American constitution was born, Philadelphia, has a Greek name. He also said that the most quoted writer in the Federalist Papers was the Greek author Plutarch.
However, Rubio said that much of the West has forgotten thumos, a fire of passion and courage. He said that Westerners became ashamed of what makes them special. He said that the West opened its borders, moved its industry abroad and let its armed forces weaken. He said that others were ready to fill the gap, and that the West is now at a crossroads. According to Rubio, the next ten years will write the story of the next century.
Rubio said that the United States has made its choice under the Trump administration. He said that it wants to take back control of key supply chains and rebuild its industry and defence. He said that Greece has proved to be an essential friend of both Europe and the United States. He hopes that all of Europe will follow the Greek example. Finally, he said that the alliance between the United States and Europe must be strengthened.
Bu metnin sözlüğü (158)
- a ə
- det birone; used before a singular noun
- about əˈbaʊt
- prep hakkındaon the subject of
- abroad əˈbrɔːd
- adv yurtdışınain or to another country
- according to
- phrase -e göreas said by someone
- according to
- phrase …e göre — Birinin görüşünü aktarırken kullanılır.as said by someone or shown by something
- Acropolis
- noun Atina'daki antik kale tepesithe famous ancient hill with temples in Athens
- administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən
- noun yönetimthe government of a president
- all ɔːl
- det tümevery one of a group
- alliance əˈlaɪəns
- noun ittifakan agreement between countries to work together
- also ˈɔːlsəʊ
- adv ayrıcain addition; too
- American əˈmerɪkən
- adj Amerikanof the United States
- an æn
- det bir — Sesli harfle başlayan sözcüklerden önce 'a' yerine kullanılır.one; used before words starting with a vowel sound
- ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
- adj antik, eskifrom a very long time ago
- and ænd
- conj veused to join words or ideas
- architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
- noun mimarithe style and design of buildings
- armed ɑːmd
- adj silahlıcarrying or using weapons
- armed forces
- noun silahlı kuvvetlera country's army, navy and air force
- armed forces
- noun silahlı kuvvetlera country's army, navy and air force
- ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
- adj utanmış — ashamed of: -den utanmakfeeling bad because of something you think is wrong
- at æt
- prep -dein or near a place
- at a crossroads
- phrase kavşakta — Mecazi kullanımat an important point where a big choice must be made
- Athens
- noun Yunanistan'ın başkentithe capital city of Greece
- author ˈɔːθə
- noun yazara person who writes a book
- back bæk
- adv gerireturning to a former place or state
- be biː
- verb olmak — is/was/were: be'nin hallerito exist or to have a quality
- become bɪˈkʌm
- verb olmak — become–became–becometo start to be
- behind bɪˈhaɪnd
- prep arkasındaat the back of someone or something
- between bɪˈtwiːn
- prep arasındain the middle of two people or groups
- border ˈbɔːdə
- noun sınırlarthe line between two countries
- born bɔːn
- adj doğmuş, ortaya çıkmışstarted to exist
- both bəʊθ
- det her ikisi de — both A and B: hem A hem Bthe two together
- carve kɑːv
- verb oymakto cut a shape into stone or wood
- carved into
- phrase üzerine oyulmuş — Mecazi: derinden işlenmişcut into a hard surface as a shape; here: clearly part of
- century ˈsentʃəri
- noun yüzyıla period of one hundred years
- chains tʃeɪnz
- noun zincirlerconnected series of things or steps
- choice tʃɔɪs
- noun seçim, tercihthe act of deciding between things
- city ˈsɪti
- noun şehira large and important town
- constitution ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən
- noun anayasathe basic laws of a country
- control kənˈtrəʊl
- noun kontrolpower to decide what happens
- courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
- noun cesaretthe ability to do difficult things without fear
- crossroads ˈkrɒsrəʊdz
- noun kavşaka place where two roads cross
- deeply ˈdiːpli
- adv derindenvery strongly or very much
- defence dɪˈfens
- noun savunma — ABD yazımı: defenseprotection of a country against attack
- essential ɪˈsenʃəl
- adj vazgeçilmezabsolutely necessary
- Europe
- noun Avrupathe continent that includes Greece, France and Germany
- example ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl
- noun örneksomething that shows how to do things
- federalist ˈfedərəlɪst
- adj federalistsupporting a system where states share power with a central government
- Federalist Papers
- noun ABD'nin kuruluşu dönemi denemelerifamous 18th-century essays supporting the US constitution
- Federalist Papers
- noun Federalist Yazılarıfamous essays from the 1780s explaining the US constitution
- fill fɪl
- verb doldurmakto make a space full
- fill the gap
- phrase boşluğu doldurmakto take the place of something missing
- finally ˈfaɪnəli
- adv son olarakas the last point
- fire ˈfaɪə
- noun ateş, hırsstrong feeling inside a person
- follow ˈfɒləʊ
- verb izlemek, örnek almakto do the same as someone else
- follow the example
- phrase örnek almakto copy what someone has done
- forces ˈfɔːsɪz
- noun kuvvetlergroups of soldiers and military units
- forget fəˈɡet
- verb unutmak — forget–forgot–forgottento not remember something
- friend frend
- noun dost, müttefika person or country that supports you
- future ˈfjuːtʃə
- noun gelecekthe time that will come after now
- gap ɡæp
- noun boşlukan empty space where something is missing
- give ɡɪv
- verb yapmak, vermek — give–gave–givento do or provide something (here: a speech)
- give a speech
- phrase konuşma yapmakto talk formally to a group of people
- government ˈɡʌvənmənt
- noun hükümetthe people who run a country
- Greece
- noun Yunanistana country in southern Europe
- Greek ɡriːk
- adj Yunan, Yunancafrom or related to Greece
- have hæv
- verb sahip olmak (yardımcı fiil) — has: have'in 3. tekil şahıs haliused with another verb to talk about the past
- he hiː
- pron o (erkek)a man already mentioned
- him hɪm
- pron onu, ona (erkek)a man already mentioned, as object
- history ˈhɪstri
- noun tarihthe story of past events
- hope həʊp
- verb ummakto want and expect something good
- however haʊˈevə
- adv ancakbut; used to show a contrast
- in ɪn
- prep -de, içindeinside a place or area
- in the Federalist Papers
- phrase Federalist Papers'tainside a famous set of American political essays
- industry ˈɪndəstri
- noun sanayifactories and companies that make goods
- influence ˈɪnfluəns
- verb etkilemekto change how something develops
- into ˈɪntuː
- prep içineto the inside of something
- it ɪt
- pron o (nesne)a thing or country already mentioned
- its ɪts
- det onun (nesne)belonging to it
- key kiː
- adj kilit, önemlivery important
- let let
- verb izin vermek, bırakmak — let + nesne + fiilto allow something to happen
- long lɒŋ
- adj uzuntaking a lot of time
- make meɪk
- verb yapmak, kılmak — make–made–madeto cause someone or something to be
- make a choice
- phrase tercih yapmakto decide between different options
- marco
- noun Marco (Rubio'nun adı)first name of Marco Rubio, the US Secretary of State
- Marco Rubio
- noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıAmerican politician who is US Secretary of State
- most məʊst
- adv en (çok)more than any other
- move muːv
- verb taşımakto take something to a different place
- much mʌtʃ
- pron büyük kısmıa large part of something
- must mʌst
- verb -meli, zorundaused to say something is necessary
- name neɪm
- noun isimthe word someone or something is called
- next nekst
- adj gelecek, sonrakicoming after this one
- now naʊ
- adv şimdiat this time
- of ɒv
- prep -in, -ınbelonging to or connected with
- of ɒv
- prep -den (utanmak)used after 'ashamed' to show the reason
- of ɒv
- prep üzerindeused after 'control' to show what is controlled
- of the United States
- phrase ABD'ninbelonging to the USA
- on ɒn
- prep -de (gün)used before a day of the week
- open ˈəʊpən
- verb açmakto let people or things come in
- other ˈʌðə
- pron diğerleridifferent people or countries
- papers ˈpeɪpəz
- noun yazılar, belgelerwritten essays or official documents
- passion ˈpæʃən
- noun tutkua very strong feeling or enthusiasm
- Philadelphia
- noun ABD'de bir şehira US city where the constitution was written
- Plutarch
- noun antik Yunan yazaran ancient Greek writer of biographies
- Pnyx
- noun Atina'da tarihî tepean ancient hill in Athens where citizens met
- problem ˈprɒbləm
- noun sorunsomething difficult that needs a solution
- prove pruːv
- verb olduğunu göstermekto show to be true or to be a certain thing
- prove to be
- phrase olduğu anlaşılmakto turn out to be
- quote kwəʊt
- verb alıntılamakto repeat the words of someone else
- ready ˈredi
- adj hazırprepared to do something
- rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
- verb yeniden inşa etmekto build something again
- Rubio
- noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıMarco Rubio, the US Secretary of State
- say seɪ
- verb söylemek — say–said–saidto tell something using words
- secretary ˈsekrətri
- noun bakana senior government minister
- Secretary of State
- noun ABD Dışişleri Bakanı — ABD'ye özgü unvanthe US government minister in charge of foreign affairs
- speak spiːk
- verb konuşmak — speak–spoke–spokento say things to people with your voice
- special ˈspeʃəl
- adj özeldifferent and better than usual
- speech spiːtʃ
- noun konuşmaa formal talk given to an audience
- state steɪt
- noun devleta country or its government
- story ˈstɔːri
- noun hikâyean account of events
- strengthen ˈstreŋθən
- verb güçlendirmekto make stronger
- supply səˈplaɪ
- noun tedarikthe act of providing goods people need
- supply chain
- noun tedarik zincirlerithe steps for making and delivering goods
- supply chains
- noun tedarik zincirlerithe steps that get goods from makers to buyers
- take teɪk
- verb almakto get or pick up something
- take back
- verb geri almakto get something again that was lost
- take back
- phrase geri almak — 'take back control' = kontrolü geri almak.to get something again that was lost
- take back control
- phrase kontrolü geri almakto have power over something again
- talk tɔːk
- verb konuşmakto say words to someone
- talk about
- phrase hakkında konuşmakto discuss a subject
- ten ten
- num onthe number 10
- that ðæt
- conj ki, -dığınıused to start a reported statement
- the ðə
- det belirli tanımlıkused before a known or particular thing
- them ðem
- pron onlarıthose people, as object
- thumos ˈθuːmɒs
- noun thumos (ruhun cesareti) — Antik Yunanca kavramancient Greek word for a spirited, passionate courage
- to tuː
- prep -mek/-mak, -eused before a verb or to show direction
- Trump
- noun ABD Başkanı Donald TrumpDonald Trump, President of the United States
- Trump administration
- noun Trump yönetimithe government led by President Donald Trump
- under ˈʌndə
- prep dönemindeduring the rule of
- united juːˈnaɪtɪd
- adj birleşikjoined together as one
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe country of America
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe country in North America, also called the US
- US
- noun ABDthe United States of America
- value ˈvæljuː
- noun değerlerbeliefs about what is right and important
- want wɒnt
- verb istemekto hope to have or do something
- weaken ˈwiːkən
- verb zayıflamakto become less strong
- Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
- noun çarşambathe day after Tuesday
- West west
- noun Batı (dünyası)Europe and North America as a group of countries
- Western ˈwestən
- adj Batılıof Europe and North America
- Westerner ˈwestənə
- noun Batılılara person from Europe or North America
- what wɒt
- pron şey, nethe thing that
- where weə
- conj -dığı yer, neredein the place that
- will wɪl
- verb -ecekused to talk about the future
- with wɪð
- prep ile, -in önündetogether with or having something
- world wɜːld
- noun dünyaall the countries and people on Earth
- write raɪt
- verb yazmakto put words on paper
- write the story
- phrase hikâyeyi yazmak, belirlemek — Mecazi kullanımto decide how future events will go
- writer ˈraɪtə
- noun yazara person who writes books or articles
- year jɪə
- noun yıla period of twelve months
Bu seviyede: Somut ve soyut konulardaki karmaşık metinlerin ana fikrini anlarsın. Anadili İngilizce olan biriyle rahatça, akıcı iletişim kurabilirsin.
Bu metinde: Reported speechDolaylı anlatımPast perfect passiveGeçmiş zaman edilgen yapıParticiple clausesOrtaç yan cümleleriNon-defining relative clausesEk bilgi veren ilgi cümleleri
335 kelime · ortalama cümle 20 kelime · ~3 dk okuma
Rubio Speaks About the Future of the West at the Pnyx in Athens
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio gave a wide-ranging speech at the Pnyx in Athens on Wednesday. Speaking in front of the Acropolis, Rubio used the heritage of ancient Greece to discuss the values, challenges and future of the Western world.
In 480 BC, Xerxes' armies reached the city and set its sacred places on fire. Most Athenians had already been evacuated by ship to a nearby island, but a small group refused to leave their homes. They barricaded themselves on the rocky Acropolis and held off the Persian invaders for days by rolling huge stones down the cliffs. The Persians eventually destroyed the Acropolis, but when the Athenians returned, they buried its broken remains under the hill. Decades later, during the time of Pericles, they built the Parthenon.
Rubio said that Greece is carved into the architecture of American government, and that Philadelphia, where the American constitution was born, is itself a Greek name. Many people are surprised to learn who the most cited author in the Federalist Papers was. It was Plutarch, a Greek who wrote biographies of the great men of Greece and Rome.
Rubio argued that much of the West has forgotten thumos, the ancient Greek word for the fire of passion, strength, courage and pride. According to Rubio, Westerners became ashamed of what made them distinctive, and the word "nationalism" turned into a dirty word. Enemies and rivals were ready to fill the gap that this weakness had created.
Rubio said that the West stands at a crossroads, because the decisions of the next decade will write the story of the coming century. Under the Trump administration, the United States has chosen to defend national power without apology, take back control of critical supply chains and rebuild its defence. Rubio called Greece an exemplary ally and expressed the hope that all of Europe would follow its example. Although passions have sometimes strained the bonds of affection between the United States and Europe, those bonds must not be allowed to break.
Bu metnin sözlüğü (223)
- 480
- num dört yüz seksenthe number 480
- a ə
- det birone; used before a singular noun
- about əˈbaʊt
- prep hakkındaon the subject of
- according to
- phrase -e göreas said by someone
- according to
- phrase …e göreas said or shown by someone or something
- Acropolis
- noun Atina'daki antik kale tepesifamous ancient hill and fort in Athens
- administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn
- noun yönetimthe government of a president and their team
- affection əˈfekʃn
- noun sevgia feeling of liking someone
- all ɔːl
- det bütünthe whole number or amount of
- allow əˈlaʊ
- verb izin vermekto let something happen
- ally ˈælaɪ
- noun müttefika country that supports another
- already ɔːlˈredi
- adv zaten, çoktanbefore now or before a certain time
- although ɔːlˈðəʊ
- conj her ne kadarin spite of the fact that
- American əˈmerɪkən
- adj Amerikanof the United States
- an ən
- det bir — Sesli harfle başlayan sözcüklerin önünde kullanılır.one; used before words that start with a vowel sound
- ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
- adj antikfrom a very long time ago
- and ænd
- conj veword that joins words or ideas
- apology əˈpɒlədʒi
- noun özüra statement saying you are sorry
- architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
- noun mimarithe style and design of buildings
- argue ˈɑːɡjuː
- verb ileri sürmekto say that something is true, giving reasons
- army ˈɑːmi
- noun ordua large group of soldiers
- ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
- adj utanmışfeeling bad about something you did or are
- at æt
- prep -de, -dain or in the place of
- at a crossroads
- phrase yol ayrımındaat an important point where a big choice must be made
- Athenian əˈθiːniən
- noun Atinalıa person from Athens
- Athens
- noun Yunanistan'ın başkenticapital city of Greece
- author ˈɔːθə
- noun yazara person who writes books
- back bæk
- adv gerireturning to a place or earlier state
- barricade ˌbærɪˈkeɪd
- verb barikat kurmakto block a place to stop enemies entering
- BC ˌbiː ˈsiː
- noun M.Ö. — 480 BC: M.Ö. 480before the birth of Jesus Christ
- be biː
- verb olmakto exist or to have a quality
- bear bɔːn
- verb doğmak; ortaya çıkmak — be born: doğmakto begin to exist
- because bɪˈkɒz
- conj çünküfor the reason that
- become bɪˈkʌm
- verb olmakto start to be
- between bɪˈtwiːn
- prep arasındain the space or link connecting two things
- biography baɪˈɒɡrəfi
- noun biyografithe story of a person's life
- bond bɒnd
- noun bağa close connection between people or countries
- break breɪk
- verb kopmak, bozulmakto end or fall apart
- broken ˈbrəʊkən
- adj kırıkdamaged and in pieces
- build bɪld
- verb inşa etmekto make a building
- bury ˈberi
- verb gömmekto put something under the ground
- but bʌt
- conj amaword showing a contrast
- by baɪ
- prep ile (araç)using a particular way of travel
- call kɔːl
- verb nitelendirmekto describe someone as something
- carve kɑːv
- verb oymak, kazımakto cut shapes into a hard material
- century ˈsentʃəri
- noun yüzyıla period of 100 years
- chains tʃeɪnz
- noun zincirlerconnected series of steps or businesses in a process
- challenge ˈtʃælɪndʒ
- noun zorluka difficult problem that tests you
- choose tʃuːz
- verb seçmekto pick from several options
- cited ˈsaɪtɪd
- adj alıntı yapılanmentioned as an example or source
- city ˈsɪti
- noun şehira large and important town
- cliff klɪf
- noun uçuruma high steep rock face
- coming ˈkʌmɪŋ
- adj gelecek olanabout to happen; next
- constitution ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən
- noun anayasathe basic laws of a country
- control kənˈtrəʊl
- noun kontrolthe power to direct something
- courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
- noun cesaretability to face danger without fear
- create kriˈeɪt
- verb yaratmakto make something new exist
- critical ˈkrɪtɪkl
- adj kritik, hayatiextremely important
- crossroads ˈkrɒsrəʊdz
- noun yol ayrımıa place where two roads meet; a key decision point
- day deɪ
- noun güna period of 24 hours
- decade ˈdekeɪd
- noun on yıla period of ten years
- decade ˈdekeɪd
- noun on yıla period of ten years
- decision dɪˈsɪʒn
- noun karara choice you make after thinking
- defence dɪˈfens
- noun savunmamilitary protection of a country
- defend dɪˈfend
- verb savunmakto protect from attack or criticism
- destroy dɪˈstrɔɪ
- verb yıkmakto damage something so badly it no longer exists
- dirty ˈdɜːti
- adj kirli, ayıplanannot clean; considered shameful
- dirty word
- phrase ayıplanan kelimea word people think is bad or shameful
- discuss dɪˈskʌs
- verb tartışmak, ele almakto talk about something in detail
- distinctive dɪˈstɪŋktɪv
- adj kendine özgüclearly different from others
- down daʊn
- prep aşağıfrom a higher to a lower place
- during ˈdjʊərɪŋ
- prep süresinceat some point within a period of time
- enemy ˈenəmi
- noun düşmana person or country that opposes you
- Europe
- noun Avrupathe continent that includes Greece and France
- Europe's
- noun Avrupa'nınbelonging to Europe
- evacuate ɪˈvækjueɪt
- verb tahliye etmekto move people away from danger
- eventually ɪˈventʃuəli
- adv sonundaafter a long time
- example ɪɡˈzɑːmpl
- noun örneksomething to copy as a model
- exemplary ɪɡˈzempləri
- adj örnek teşkil edenvery good; a model for others
- express ɪkˈspres
- verb dile getirmekto show a feeling or idea in words
- federalist ˈfedərəlɪst
- adj federalistsupporting a system where states share power with a central government
- Federalist Papers
- noun Federalist Yazılarıessays from the 1780s supporting the US constitution
- Federalist Papers
- noun Federalist Yazılarıfamous 18th-century essays supporting the American constitution
- fill fɪl
- verb doldurmakto make a space full
- fill the gap
- phrase boşluğu doldurmakto take the place of something missing
- fire ˈfaɪə
- noun ateş (tutku)strong feeling, like a burning inside
- follow ˈfɒləʊ
- verb izlemek, uymakto do the same as someone else
- for fɔː
- prep boyuncaduring a period of time
- forget fəˈɡet
- verb unutmakto not remember
- front frʌnt
- noun önthe side that faces forward
- future ˈfjuːtʃə
- noun gelecekthe time that will come after now
- gap ɡæp
- noun boşlukan empty space or missing part
- give ɡɪv
- verb yapmak (konuşma) — give a speech: konuşma yapmakto deliver a speech or talk
- government ˈɡʌvənmənt
- noun hükümetthe group of people who rule a country
- great ɡreɪt
- adj büyük, ünlüvery important or famous
- Greece
- noun Yunanistancountry in southern Europe
- Greek ɡriːk
- adj Yunanfrom Greece
- group ɡruːp
- noun grupa number of people together
- have hæv
- verb sahip olmak; yardımcı fiil — had + V3: geçmişte tamamlanmışused with a past participle to form perfect tenses
- held held
- verb tuttu — hold fiilinin geçmiş hâli.past of hold; kept something in place
- heritage ˈherɪtɪdʒ
- noun mirastraditions and culture from the past
- hill hɪl
- noun tepea high area of land, smaller than a mountain
- hold off
- phrase püskürtmek, geri tutmakto stop an enemy from attacking successfully
- hold off
- phrase geri püskürtmekto stop an enemy from attacking successfully
- home həʊm
- noun evthe place where you live
- hope həʊp
- noun umuta wish that something will happen
- huge hjuːdʒ
- adj dev gibiextremely large
- in ɪn
- prep -de, -dainside a place or period of time
- in front of
- phrase önündefacing something; before it
- in front of
- prep önündefacing something, at its front side
- into ˈɪntuː
- prep içineto the inside of
- invader ɪnˈveɪdə
- noun istilacısomeone who enters a country to take it by force
- island ˈaɪlənd
- noun adaland with water all around it
- it ɪt
- pron othe thing already mentioned
- its ɪts
- det onun (nesne için)belonging to it
- itself ɪtˈself
- pron kendisithat same thing; used for emphasis
- later ˈleɪtə
- adv sonraafter some time
- learn lɜːn
- verb öğrenmekto find out or get knowledge
- leave liːv
- verb terk etmekto go away from a place
- make meɪk
- verb yapmak, kılmakto cause something to be a certain way
- man mæn
- noun erkekan adult male person
- many ˈmeni
- det birçoka large number of
- Marco
- noun Marco Rubio'nun adıFirst name of Marco Rubio
- most məʊst
- det çoğuthe largest part or number of
- much mʌtʃ
- pron büyük kısmıa large amount
- must mʌst
- verb -meliused to say something is necessary
- name neɪm
- noun isimthe word someone or something is called
- national ˈnæʃnəl
- adj ulusalof a whole country
- nationalism ˈnæʃənəlɪzəm
- noun milliyetçilikstrong love for and pride in your nation
- nearby ˌnɪəˈbaɪ
- adj yakındakinot far away
- next nekst
- adj gelecek, sonrakicoming after this one
- not nɒt
- adv değilword used to make a verb negative
- of ɒv
- prep -in, -ınbelonging to or connected with
- off ɒf
- adv uzaktaaway; used to keep something from coming near
- on ɒn
- prep -de, -da (gün)at a particular day
- papers ˈpeɪpəz
- noun yazılarwritten essays or documents
- Parthenon
- noun Akropolis'teki antik tapınakfamous ancient temple on the Acropolis
- passion ˈpæʃən
- noun tutkua very strong feeling
- people ˈpiːpl
- noun insanlarmen, women and children
- Pericles
- noun antik Atina'nın ünlü liderifamous leader of ancient Athens
- Persian ˈpɜːʃən
- adj Persfrom ancient Persia (now Iran)
- Philadelphia
- noun ABD'de bir şehirUS city where the constitution was written
- place pleɪs
- noun yera particular area or building
- Plutarch
- noun antik Yunan yazarancient Greek writer of biographies
- Pnyx
- noun Atina'daki antik toplantı tepesihill in Athens where ancient citizens held public meetings
- power ˈpaʊə
- noun güçstrength and influence
- pride praɪd
- noun gurura feeling of satisfaction in yourself or your country
- ranging ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
- verb kapsayancovering many different subjects or things
- reach riːtʃ
- verb ulaşmakto arrive at a place
- ready ˈredi
- adj hazırprepared to do something
- rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
- verb yeniden inşa etmekto make strong again
- refuse rɪˈfjuːz
- verb reddetmekto say you will not do something
- remains rɪˈmeɪnz
- noun kalıntılarthe parts left after something is destroyed
- return rɪˈtɜːn
- verb geri dönmekto come back to a place
- rival ˈraɪvl
- noun rakipsomeone competing with you
- rocky ˈrɒki
- adj kayalıkcovered with rocks
- roll rəʊl
- verb yuvarlamakto move something by turning it over and over
- Rome
- noun Romacapital of Italy and ancient empire
- Rubio
- noun Marco Rubio, ABD Dışişleri BakanıUS politician who is Secretary of State
- sacred ˈseɪkrɪd
- adj kutsalvery holy; connected with religion
- say seɪ
- verb söylemekto tell something using words
- secretary ˈsekrətri
- noun bakana senior government minister
- Secretary of State
- noun Dışişleri BakanıUS government minister in charge of foreign affairs
- Secretary of State
- noun ABD Dışişleri Bakanıthe US government minister in charge of foreign affairs
- set on fire
- phrase ateşe vermek — set → set (düzensiz fiil)to make something start burning
- ship ʃɪp
- noun gemia large boat
- small smɔːl
- adj küçüknot large
- sometimes ˈsʌmtaɪmz
- adv bazenon some occasions
- speak spiːk
- verb konuşmakto talk to people, often formally
- speech spiːtʃ
- noun konuşmaa formal talk given to an audience
- stand stænd
- verb durmakto be in a particular position or situation
- state steɪt
- noun devleta country or its government
- states steɪts
- noun devletler, eyaletlercountries or regions that form one nation
- stone stəʊn
- noun taşa hard piece of rock
- story ˈstɔːri
- noun hikâyean account of events
- strain streɪn
- verb germek, zorlamakto make a relationship less friendly
- strength streŋθ
- noun güçthe quality of being strong
- supply səˈplaɪ
- noun tedarikthe act of providing goods people need
- supply chain
- noun tedarik zincirithe system that makes and delivers goods
- supply chains
- noun tedarik zincirlerithe steps and groups that make and deliver goods
- surprised səˈpraɪzd
- adj şaşırmışfeeling that something is unexpected
- take back
- phrase geri almak — take back control: kontrolü geri almakto get something again that was lost
- take back
- phrase geri almakto get something again that was lost or given away
- that ðæt
- conj ki, -dığınıword that introduces a clause
- the ðə
- det belirli tanımlıkword used before a specific or known thing
- their ðeə
- det onlarınbelonging to them
- them ðem
- pron onlarıthose people, as object
- themselves ðəmˈselvz
- pron kendilerinithose same people, as object
- they ðeɪ
- pron onlarthose people or things
- this ðɪs
- det buthe one just mentioned
- those ðəʊz
- pron şunlar, oplural of that; the things already mentioned
- thumos
- noun thumos (ruhsal ateş)Greek word for spirited passion and courage
- time taɪm
- noun dönema period in history
- to tuː
- prep -mek, -mak; -eword used before a verb or to show direction
- Trump
- noun Donald Trump, ABD BaşkanıUS president Donald Trump
- turn into
- phrase dönüşmekto become something different
- turn into
- phrase …e dönüşmekto become something different
- turned tɜːnd
- verb dönüştübecame something different
- under ˈʌndə
- prep altındabelow something
- united juːˈnaɪtɪd
- adj birleşikjoined together as one
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlericountry in North America
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe large country in North America
- US
- adj ABD'ye aitof the United States
- use juːz
- verb kullanmakto take something to help do something
- value ˈvæljuː
- noun değerlerbeliefs about what is important in life
- weakness ˈwiːknəs
- noun zayıflıklack of strength
- Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
- noun çarşambathe day after Tuesday
- West west
- noun Batı (dünyası)Europe and North America as a group of countries
- Westerner ˈwestənə
- noun Batılıa person from Europe or North America
- what wɒt
- pron ne, şeythe thing that
- when wen
- conj -dığındaat the time that
- where weə
- conj -dığı yerin which place
- who huː
- pron kimwhich person
- wide waɪd
- adj genişcovering a large range
- wide-ranging ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
- adj geniş kapsamlıcovering many different subjects
- wide-ranging
- adj kapsamlıcovering many different subjects
- will wɪl
- verb -ecekused to talk about the future
- without wɪðˈaʊt
- prep -sız, olmadannot having or showing
- word wɜːd
- noun kelimea unit of language with a meaning
- world wɜːld
- noun dünyaall countries and people on Earth
- would wʊd
- verb -ecekti (dolaylı gelecek)used for a future idea in reported speech
- write raɪt
- verb yazmakto put words on paper
- Xerxes
- noun Pers Kralı I. Kserksesancient king of Persia who invaded Greece
Bu seviyede: Uzun ve zor metinleri anlar, örtük anlamları fark edersin. Dili sosyal, akademik ve iş hayatında esnek ve etkili kullanırsın.
Bu metinde: Concessive clausesKarşıtlık (ödün) tümceleriReporting structuresAktarma yapılarıPassive constructionsEdilgen yapılarParticipial clausesOrtaç tümceleriNominal wh-clausesAd işlevli wh- tümceleri
436 kelime · ortalama cümle 27 kelime · ~3 dk okuma
Rubio Invokes Ancient Greece in Athens Speech on the Future of the West
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio delivered a wide-ranging speech at the Pnyx in Athens on Wednesday, drawing on ancient Greek heritage to reflect on the values, challenges and future of the West.
He recalled that in 480 BC the armies of Xerxes reached Athens and set its sacred sites ablaze, by which time most Athenians had been evacuated by ship to a nearby island. A small group, however, refused to leave their homes and barricaded themselves on the Acropolis. By rolling giant stones down the cliffs, they repelled the Persian invaders and kept the greatest empire of the age at bay for days. Although the Persians ultimately prevailed and razed the Acropolis, the returning Athenians buried its broken remains beneath the hill, and decades later, under Pericles, they built the Parthenon.
Rubio, a descendant of settlers who emigrated from Spain to the New World, said he stood there to bear witness to a debt that neither time nor distance could erase. Greece is, quite literally, etched into the architecture of the American government, he noted, and Philadelphia, the city where the Constitution was born, itself bears a Greek name.
In his view, what the West owes this place goes far deeper than democracy, philosophy or the vocabulary of politics. Those institutions and ideas, he argued, expressed more fundamental traits: relentless individualism, boundless ambition, bold discovery and an insatiable curiosity about the world. Pursuit of excellence, he said, was the guiding principle of Greek existence, and thumos, the fire of passion, strength, courage and pride, is the heart of a great civilisation.
Rubio contended that much of the West has forgotten this quality, growing ashamed of what sets it apart and letting "nationalism" become a dirty word. Borders were opened, industry was moved abroad and armed forces were allowed to decay, he said, and others were all too ready to fill the void created by that weakness. He warned that the coming decade and the decisions taken in it will write the story of the next century: the West must either act now or lose the right to choose.
Under the Trump administration, he said, the United States has chosen to defend national power without apology, by regaining control of critical supply chains, reindustrialising its economy and rebuilding its defence. He also hailed Greece as an exemplary ally and an indispensable friend of both Europe and the United States on energy, migration and defence, and hoped all of Europe would follow its example. Although passions have at times strained the ties of affection between America and Europe, he said, they must not be allowed to snap.
Bu metnin sözlüğü (277)
- 480 BC
- phrase M.Ö. 480The year 480 before the birth of Christ
- a ə
- det birOne; used before a singular noun
- about əˈbaʊt
- prep hakkındaOn the subject of
- abroad əˈbrɔːd
- adv yurt dışınaIn or to another country
- Acropolis
- noun Atina'nın kutsal kalesi tepesiThe rocky hill above Athens with ancient temples
- act ækt
- verb harekete geçmekTo do something
- affection əˈfekʃən
- noun sevgi, yakınlıkA feeling of liking and care
- age eɪdʒ
- noun çağ, dönemA period of history
- all ɔːl
- pron tümüThe whole of a group
- all too
- phrase fazlasıylamuch more than is good or wanted
- all too ready
- phrase fazlasıyla istekliVery willing, in a way that is bad
- allow əˈlaʊ
- verb izin vermekTo let something happen
- ally ˈælaɪ
- noun müttefikA country that helps another
- also ˈɔːlsəʊ
- adv ayrıcaIn addition
- although ɔːlˈðəʊ
- conj her ne kadarDespite the fact that
- ambition æmˈbɪʃən
- noun hırs, hedefA strong wish to succeed or achieve
- America
- noun Amerika (ABD)The United States
- American əˈmerɪkən
- adj AmerikanRelating to the United States
- an æn
- det birthe form of 'a' used before a vowel sound
- ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
- adj antik, eskiFrom a very long time ago
- and ænd
- conj veUsed to join words or ideas
- and ænd
- conj veUsed to join words or ideas
- and ænd
- conj veUsed to join words or ideas
- apart əˈpɑːt
- adv farklı, ayrı — 'sets apart' = ayırt etmek, farklı kılmakdifferent from others; separate in character or position
- apology əˈpɒlədʒi
- noun özürA statement saying you are sorry
- architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
- noun mimari, yapıThe style or design of buildings and structures
- argue ˈɑːɡjuː
- verb savunmak, ileri sürmekTo give reasons to support a view
- armed ɑːmd
- adj silahlı — 'armed forces' = silahlı kuvvetlercarrying or using weapons; connected with the military
- armed forces
- noun silahlı kuvvetlerA country's army, navy and air force
- armed forces
- noun silahlı kuvvetlera country's army, navy and air force
- army ˈɑːmi
- noun orduA large organised group of soldiers
- ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
- adj utanmışFeeling guilty or embarrassed
- at æt
- prep -de, -daIn or in the place of
- at bay
- phrase uzak tutarak — 'keep at bay' = uzak tutmakkept away and unable to attack or harm
- at times
- phrase zaman zamanSometimes
- Athenians
- noun AtinalılarPeople who live in or come from Athens
- Athens
- noun AtinaThe capital city of Greece
- barricade ˌbærɪˈkeɪd
- verb barikat kurup kapanmakTo block a place with objects to defend it
- bay beɪ
- noun uzak tutma — 'keep at bay' kalıbında kullanılıra position where something is kept away from you
- bc ˌbiː ˈsiː
- adv Milattan Önce — 'before Christ' kısaltmasıused for years before the birth of Christ
- be biː
- verb olmakTo exist or to be in a state; also forms passives
- bear beə
- verb taşımakTo have a name or mark
- bear witness
- phrase tanıklık etmekTo show or state that something is true
- bear witness
- phrase tanıklık etmekto show or give proof that something is true
- become bɪˈkʌm
- verb olmakTo start to be
- beneath bɪˈniːθ
- prep altındaUnder something
- between bɪˈtwiːn
- prep arasındaIn the space or link connecting two
- bold bəʊld
- adj cesurBrave and willing to take risks
- border ˈbɔːdə
- noun sınırThe line between two countries
- born bɔːn
- adj doğmuş, ortaya çıkmışBrought into existence
- both bəʊθ
- det her ikisiThe two together
- boundless ˈbaʊndləs
- adj sınırsızWithout any limit
- broken ˈbrəʊkən
- adj kırık, yıkıkDamaged and in pieces
- build bɪld
- verb inşa etmekTo make something by putting parts together
- bury ˈberi
- verb gömmekTo put something under the ground
- by baɪ
- prep -erek; tarafındanThrough the action of; using the method of
- by which time
- phrase o zamana kadarBefore or at the moment just mentioned
- century ˈsentʃəri
- noun yüzyılA period of one hundred years
- chains tʃeɪnz
- noun zincirler — 'supply chains' = tedarik zincirleriseries of linked steps or businesses that make and deliver goods
- challenge ˈtʃælɪndʒ
- noun zorluk, sorunA difficult problem that tests you
- choose tʃuːz
- verb seçmekTo pick from a number of things
- city ˈsɪti
- noun şehirA large and important town
- civilisation ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən
- noun medeniyetA society with an advanced culture
- cliff klɪf
- noun uçurumA steep rock face, often by the sea
- coming ˈkʌmɪŋ
- adj önümüzdekiHappening soon in the future
- Constitution ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən
- noun anayasaThe basic laws of a country
- contend kənˈtend
- verb iddia etmekTo state firmly that something is true
- control kənˈtrəʊl
- noun kontrolPower to direct something
- could kʊd
- verb -ebilirdiPast form of can; was able to
- courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
- noun cesaretAbility to face danger without fear
- create kriˈeɪt
- verb yaratmakTo make something exist
- critical ˈkrɪtɪkl
- adj kritik, hayatiExtremely important
- curiosity ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti
- noun merakA strong wish to learn or know
- day deɪ
- noun günA period of twenty-four hours
- debt det
- noun borç, minnetSomething owed to someone, such as thanks
- decade ˈdekeɪd
- noun on yılA period of ten years
- decay dɪˈkeɪ
- verb çürümek, zayıflamakTo slowly become weaker or worse
- decision dɪˈsɪʒən
- noun kararA choice that you make
- deep diːp
- adj daha derinHaving great depth or strong meaning
- defence dɪˈfens
- noun savunmaProtection of a country from attack
- defend dɪˈfend
- verb savunmakTo protect from attack or harm
- deliver dɪˈlɪvə
- verb sunmak, vermekTo give a speech or talk
- democracy dɪˈmɒkrəsi
- noun demokrasiGovernment by the people through voting
- descendant dɪˈsendənt
- noun torun, soyundan gelenA person whose family lived in the past
- dirty ˈdɜːti
- adj kirli, ayıplanan — 'dirty word' = olumsuz çağrışımlı sözcükconsidered shameful or unacceptable
- dirty word
- phrase ayıp/olumsuz sayılan sözA word people consider shameful or unacceptable
- dirty word
- noun ayıplanan sözcüka word people see as shameful or negative
- discovery dɪˈskʌvəri
- noun keşifFinding something new
- distance ˈdɪstəns
- noun mesafeThe space between two places
- down daʊn
- prep aşağıFrom a higher to a lower place
- draw on
- phrase yararlanmakTo use something as a source of ideas or support
- drawing ˈdrɔːɪŋ
- verb yararlanarak — 'drawing on' = -dan yararlanmakusing something as a source of ideas or information
- drawing on
- phrase -den yararlanarakusing something as a source of ideas
- economy ɪˈkɒnəmi
- noun ekonomiA country's system of money and trade
- either … or
- phrase ya … ya daUsed to give two choices
- emigrate ˈemɪɡreɪt
- verb göç etmekTo leave your country to live in another
- empire ˈempaɪə
- noun imparatorlukMany lands ruled by one government or ruler
- energy ˈenədʒi
- noun enerjiPower such as gas, oil or electricity
- erase ɪˈreɪz
- verb silmek, yok etmekTo remove completely
- etch etʃ
- verb kazımak, işlemekTo cut a design deeply into a surface
- Europe
- noun AvrupaThe continent that includes Greece and Spain
- evacuate ɪˈvækjueɪt
- verb tahliye etmekTo move people away from a place of danger
- example ɪɡˈzɑːmpl
- noun örnekSomething that shows how to act
- excellence ˈeksələns
- noun mükemmellikThe quality of being extremely good
- exemplary ɪɡˈzempləri
- adj örnek teşkil edenVery good and worth copying
- existence ɪɡˈzɪstəns
- noun yaşam, varoluşThe state of being alive or real
- express ɪkˈspres
- verb ifade etmekTo show a feeling or idea
- far fɑː
- adv çok dahaBy a great amount
- fill the void
- phrase boşluğu doldurmakTo take the place of something missing
- fire ˈfaɪə
- noun ateş, tutkuStrong feeling or energy
- follow ˈfɒləʊ
- verb izlemekTo copy or do the same as
- for fɔː
- prep boyuncaUsed to show how long something lasts
- forces ˈfɔːsɪz
- noun güçler, ordugroups of soldiers or military units
- forget fəˈɡet
- verb unutmakTo stop remembering
- friend frend
- noun dostA person or country you trust and support
- from frɒm
- prep -denStarting at a place
- fundamental ˌfʌndəˈmentl
- adj temelBasic and most important
- future ˈfjuːtʃə
- noun gelecekThe time that will come after now
- giant ˈdʒaɪənt
- adj devasaExtremely large
- go ɡəʊ
- verb uzanmak, varmakTo extend or reach a certain level
- government ˈɡʌvənmənt
- noun hükümetThe group of people who rule a country
- great ɡreɪt
- adj en büyükVery large or powerful (greatest: most)
- Greece
- noun YunanistanA country in southeast Europe
- Greek griːk
- adj YunanRelating to Greece or its people
- group ɡruːp
- noun grupA number of people together
- grow ɡrəʊ
- verb olmak, gitgide ... — growing ashamed = utanır hale gelmekTo gradually become something
- guiding principle
- noun yol gösterici ilkeA basic rule that directs how people act
- hail heɪl
- verb övmekTo praise someone publicly
- have hæv
- verb sahip olmak; (yardımcı fiil)To own; also used to form perfect tenses
- he hiː
- pron o (erkek)The male person already mentioned
- heart hɑːt
- noun öz, merkezThe most important part of something
- heritage ˈherɪtɪdʒ
- noun mirasTraditions and culture passed down from the past
- hill hɪl
- noun tepeA raised area of land, lower than a mountain
- home həʊm
- noun ev, yurtThe place where someone lives
- hope həʊp
- verb ummakTo want and expect something good
- however haʊˈevə
- adv ancakUsed to add a contrasting point
- idea aɪˈdɪə
- noun fikirA thought or plan
- in ɪn
- prep -de, içindeInside a place or period of time
- indispensable ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl
- adj vazgeçilmezSo important that you cannot do without it
- individualism ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlɪzəm
- noun bireycilikBelief in the freedom of each person
- industry ˈɪndəstri
- noun sanayiFactories and the making of goods
- insatiable ɪnˈseɪʃəbl
- adj doymak bilmezNever satisfied; always wanting more
- institution ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən
- noun kurumAn important organisation or system in society
- into ˈɪntuː
- prep içineTowards the inside of something
- invader ɪnˈveɪdə
- noun istilacıSomeone who enters a country by force
- invokes ɪnˈvəʊks
- verb anar, başvururmentions or uses something as support or inspiration
- island ˈaɪlənd
- noun adaLand completely surrounded by water
- it ɪt
- pron oA thing already mentioned
- its ɪts
- det onunBelonging to a thing already mentioned
- itself ɪtˈself
- pron kendisiUsed to stress the thing mentioned
- keep at bay
- phrase uzak tutmakTo stop an enemy or danger from coming close
- later ˈleɪtə
- adv sonraAfter the time already mentioned
- leave liːv
- verb terk etmekTo go away from a place
- let let
- verb izin vermekTo allow something to happen
- lose luːz
- verb kaybetmekTo no longer have something
- marco
- noun Marco Rubio'nun adıfirst name of the US Secretary of State Rubio
- Marco Rubio
- noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıThe US Secretary of State
- migration maɪˈɡreɪʃən
- noun göçMovement of people from one country to another
- more mɔː
- adv dahaTo a greater degree
- most məʊst
- det çoğuNearly all of a group
- move muːv
- verb taşımakTo take something to a different place
- much mʌtʃ
- pron büyük bölümüA large part of something
- must mʌst
- verb -meliUsed to say something is necessary
- name neɪm
- noun isimThe word by which something is called
- national ˈnæʃnəl
- adj ulusalRelating to a whole nation
- nationalism ˈnæʃnəlɪzəm
- noun milliyetçilikStrong love of and loyalty to your nation
- nearby ˌnɪəˈbaɪ
- adj yakındakiNot far away
- neither … nor
- phrase ne … ne deUsed to say that two things are both not true
- new njuː
- adj yeni — 'New World' = Amerika kıtalarırecently discovered or made; not known before
- next nekst
- adj gelecek, bir sonrakiComing after this one
- not nɒt
- adv değilUsed to make a verb negative
- note nəʊt
- verb belirtmekTo mention something
- now naʊ
- adv şimdiAt this moment
- of ɒv
- prep -nin, -inBelonging to or connected with
- on ɒn
- prep -de (günü)Used with a day or date
- open ˈəʊpən
- verb açmakTo make something not closed
- others ˈʌðəz
- pron başkalarıOther people or countries
- owe əʊ
- verb borçlu olmakTo have a debt of thanks or money
- Parthenon
- noun Akropolis'teki ünlü tapınakThe famous ancient temple on the Acropolis
- passion ˈpæʃən
- noun tutku, duygularA very strong feeling
- Pericles
- noun Atinalı devlet adamıFamous Athenian leader of the fifth century BC
- Persian
- adj PersRelating to ancient Persia or its people
- Philadelphia
- noun ABD'de Pennsylvania'da bir şehirA US city where the Constitution was written
- philosophy fɪˈlɒsəfi
- noun felsefeThe study of ideas about life and knowledge
- place pleɪs
- noun yerA particular location
- Pnyx
- noun Atina'daki antik toplantı tepesiThe hill in Athens where citizens met in ancient times
- politics ˈpɒlətɪks
- noun siyasetActivities of government and public affairs
- power ˈpaʊə
- noun güçStrength and influence of a country
- prevail prɪˈveɪl
- verb galip gelmekTo win a struggle
- pride praɪd
- noun gururA feeling of satisfaction in yourself or your group
- pursuit pəˈsjuːt
- noun arayış, peşinde koşmaThe act of trying to achieve something
- quality ˈkwɒləti
- noun nitelik, özellikA feature or characteristic
- quite literally
- phrase kelimenin tam anlamıylaIn the exact, real sense of the words
- ranging ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
- adj geniş kapsamlı — 'wide-ranging' bileşik sıfatcovering many different subjects
- raze reɪz
- verb yerle bir etmekTo destroy a place completely
- reach riːtʃ
- verb ulaşmakTo arrive at a place
- ready ˈredi
- adj hazır, istekliWilling or prepared to do something
- rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
- verb yeniden inşa etmekTo build something again
- recall rɪˈkɔːl
- verb hatırlatmak, anmakTo bring a past event back to mind
- reflect on
- phrase düşünmek, değerlendirmekTo think carefully about something
- refuse rɪˈfjuːz
- verb reddetmekTo say you will not do something
- regain rɪˈɡeɪn
- verb geri kazanmakTo get something back
- reindustrialise ˌriːɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪz
- verb yeniden sanayileştirmekTo build up factories and industry again
- relentless rɪˈlentləs
- adj amansız, yılmazNever stopping or becoming weaker
- remains rɪˈmeɪnz
- noun kalıntılarThe parts left after something is destroyed
- repel rɪˈpel
- verb püskürtmekTo force an enemy to go back
- return rɪˈtɜːn
- verb geri dönenTo come back to a place
- right raɪt
- noun hakA freedom or claim you are allowed to have
- roll rəʊl
- verb yuvarlamakTo push something so it turns over and over
- sacred ˈseɪkrɪd
- adj kutsalHoly and deserving great respect
- say seɪ
- verb söylemekTo express something in words
- secretary ˈsekrətri
- noun bakanA senior government minister in charge of a department
- secretary of state
- noun dışişleri bakanı — ABD'de dışişleri bakanıThe US government minister in charge of foreign affairs
- set ablaze
- phrase ateşe vermekTo make something start burning
- set apart
- phrase farklı kılmakTo make something different from others
- set apart
- phrase farklı kılmakto make someone or something different from others
- settler ˈsetlə
- noun yerleşimciA person who moves to live in a new land
- ship ʃɪp
- noun gemiA large boat for carrying people or goods
- site saɪt
- noun yer, mekânA place where something important is or was
- small smɔːl
- adj küçükNot large in size or number
- snap snæp
- verb kopmakTo break suddenly
- Spain
- noun İspanyaA country in southwest Europe
- speech spiːtʃ
- noun konuşmaA formal talk given to an audience
- stand stænd
- verb ayakta durmakTo be on your feet in a place
- state steɪt
- noun devletA country or its government
- stone stəʊn
- noun taşA piece of rock
- strain streɪn
- verb germek, zorlamakTo make a relationship less easy or friendly
- strength streŋθ
- noun güçThe quality of being strong
- supply səˈplaɪ
- noun tedarikthe providing of goods or materials people need
- supply chain
- noun tedarik zinciriThe network that makes and delivers goods
- supply chains
- noun tedarik zincirlerinetworks that move goods from makers to buyers
- take a decision
- phrase karar almak — İngiliz İngilizcesi; ABD'de make a decisionTo make a choice
- than ðæn
- conj -den dahaUsed to compare two things
- that ðæt
- conj ki, -diğiniUsed to introduce a statement
- the ðə
- det belirli tanımlıkUsed before a specific or known thing
- the ðiː
- det belirli tanımlıkUsed before a specific or known thing
- the New World
- noun Yeni Dünya (Amerika)North and South America, as named by Europeans
- the West
- noun Batı (dünyası)Europe and North America and their shared culture
- their ðeə
- det onlarınBelonging to them
- themselves ðəmˈselvz
- pron kendileriniThose same people, as the object of the action
- there ðeə
- adv oradaIn that place
- they ðeɪ
- pron onlarThe people or things already mentioned
- this ðɪs
- det buThe thing or person near or just mentioned
- those ðəʊz
- det şu, oThe ones already mentioned
- thumos ˈθuːmɒs
- noun thumos (ruhsal ateş) — Antik YunancaGreek word for spirited passion and courage
- tie taɪ
- noun bağlarA connection between people or countries
- time taɪm
- noun zamanA point or period when something happens
- to tuː
- prep -mek, -eUsed before a verb or to show direction
- too tuː
- adv fazlasıyla — 'all too ready' = fazlasıyla hazırmore than is needed or wanted
- trait treɪt
- noun özellikA particular quality of character
- Trump administration
- noun Trump yönetimiThe US government led by President Donald Trump
- ultimately ˈʌltɪmətli
- adv sonundaIn the end, after everything
- under ˈʌndə
- prep dönemindeDuring the rule of
- united juˈnaɪtɪd
- adj birleşik — 'United States' = Amerika Birleşik Devletlerijoined together as one country or group
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe country in North America also called the US
- US
- noun ABDThe United States of America
- value ˈvæljuː
- noun değerlerBeliefs about what is important and right
- view vjuː
- noun görüşA personal opinion
- vocabulary vəˈkæbjələri
- noun sözcük dağarcığıThe words used in a subject or language
- warn wɔːn
- verb uyarmakTo tell someone about possible danger
- weakness ˈwiːknəs
- noun zayıflıkLack of strength or power
- Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
- noun çarşambaThe day after Tuesday
- what wɒt
- pron ne, -diği şeyThe thing that
- where weə
- conj -diği yerIn which place
- which wɪtʃ
- pron ki oUsed to refer to a thing already mentioned
- who huː
- pron ki oUsed to refer to people already mentioned
- wide waɪd
- adj genişcovering a large range of things
- wide-ranging ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
- adj geniş kapsamlıCovering many different subjects
- wide-ranging
- adj geniş kapsamlıcovering many different subjects or areas
- will wɪl
- verb -ecek (gelecek)used to say what is going to happen
- without wɪˈðaʊt
- prep -sizNot having something
- witness ˈwɪtnəs
- noun tanıklık — 'bear witness' = tanıklık etmekthe act of seeing and telling the truth about something
- word wɜːd
- noun sözcük, kelimea single unit of language with meaning
- world wɜːld
- noun dünyaThe earth and everything in it
- would wʊd
- verb -ecektiused to talk about a possible or imagined future
- write the story
- phrase hikâyeyi belirlemek — Mecazi kullanımTo decide how a period of history unfolds
- Xerxes
- noun Pers kralı I. KserksesKing of Persia who invaded Greece in 480 BC
Bu seviyede: Duyduğun ve okuduğun hemen her şeyi kolayca anlarsın. Karmaşık durumlarda bile ince anlam farklarını ifade edebilirsin.
Bu metinde: Participial clausesOrtaç yan cümleleriReporting structuresAktarma yapılarıConcessive clausesKarşıtlık yan cümleleri
577 kelime · ortalama cümle 29 kelime · ~3 dk okuma
Rubio at the Pnyx: Reviving the Fire of the West
Speaking on Wednesday at the Pnyx in Athens, with the Acropolis looming behind him, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio delivered a wide-ranging address on the values, trials and future of the West. Drawing on the legacy of ancient Greece, he spoke of the historical foundations of Western civilisation, national attachment, freedom and the importance of a strong transatlantic alliance.
He recalled that in 480 BC the armies of Xerxes reached the city and set its sacred places ablaze. Most Athenians had by then been evacuated by ship to a nearby island, but a small band refused to abandon their homes and barricaded themselves on the Acropolis, rolling huge boulders down the cliffs to hold the invaders at bay for days. The Persians eventually prevailed and razed the Acropolis, yet when the Athenians returned, they gathered its broken remains and buried them beneath the hill, and decades later, under Pericles, they built the Parthenon.
Rubio said that the debt America and the West owe to Greece runs far deeper than institutions. He noted that Greece is etched into the architecture of American government, that Philadelphia is itself a Greek name, and that the most-cited author in the Federalist Papers was Plutarch. In his telling, democracy, philosophy and the very vocabulary of politics were born here, but they were expressions of more fundamental traits: relentless individualism, boundless ambition, daring exploration and an insatiable curiosity about the world. Equally, he argued, the Greeks bequeathed the conviction that the unknown can be known, a belief on which Western mathematics, science and medicine rest.
The Greeks, he said, treated the pursuit of excellence as the guiding principle of human existence, building civic life on competition in everything from poetry to war. Today, by contrast, many ideologies aspire to a world of perfect safety without risk or failure, and we build downward, caring more about the comfort of the worst than the potential of the best. Those who built the Parthenon built upward. Thumos, the fire of passion, strength, courage and pride, is the heart of a great civilisation, and without it nations lose the will to fight and survive. Much of the West, he said, has forgotten this quality, grown ashamed of what sets it apart, and come to treat prosperity as a source of guilt.
Rubio claimed that the West now stands at a crossroads, since the coming decade and the decisions taken in it will write the story of the next century. Under the Trump administration, he said, the United States has chosen to defend national strength unapologetically: reclaiming control of critical supply chains, reindustrialising the economy, rebuilding defence and competing for dominance in the technologies of the future. He added that the Greeks knew nations have interests and that statecraft demands foresight and diplomacy, but also the capacity to use force once those fail.
Rubio expressed his belief that Europe can wake from its long slumber and rekindle the fire lit here millennia ago, pointing to rising defence spending, new partnerships and expanding manufacturing after last year's historic commitments in The Hague. He praised Greece as an exemplary ally and an indispensable friend on energy, migration and defence, and hoped all of Europe would follow its example. Although passions have at times strained the bonds between the United States and Europe, he insisted those bonds must not be allowed to break, and that together they must strengthen an alliance able to withstand the threats of our age.
Bu metnin sözlüğü (363)
- 480 BC
- noun MÖ 480Year 480 before Christ
- a ə
- det birOne; used before a singular noun
- abandon əˈbændən
- verb terk etmekTo leave and not return
- ablaze əˈbleɪz
- adj alevler içindeBurning strongly
- able ˈeɪbəl
- adj -ebilenHaving the power to do something
- about əˈbaʊt
- prep hakkındaOn the subject of
- Acropolis
- noun AkropolisAncient fortified hill above Athens with temples
- add æd
- verb eklemekTo say something more
- address əˈdres
- noun hitabe, konuşmaA formal speech
- administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən
- noun yönetim, hükümetA government in power
- after ˈɑːftə
- prep sonrasındaFollowing in time
- age eɪdʒ
- noun çağA period of history
- ago əˈɡəʊ
- adv önceIn the past, counting back from now
- all ɔːl
- det tümEvery one of
- alliance əˈlaɪəns
- noun ittifakA formal agreement between allies
- allow əˈlaʊ
- verb izin vermekTo let happen
- ally ˈælaɪ
- noun müttefikA country that supports another
- also ˈɔːlsəʊ
- adv ayrıcaIn addition
- although ɔːlˈðəʊ
- conj -e rağmenIn spite of the fact that
- ambition æmˈbɪʃən
- noun hırs, azimStrong wish to achieve great things
- America
- noun AmerikaThe United States
- American əˈmerɪkən
- adj AmerikanOf the United States
- an æn
- det birthe form of 'a' used before a vowel sound
- ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
- adj antik, eskiVery old; from long ago
- and ænd
- conj veUsed to join words or ideas
- apart əˈpɑːt
- adv ayrıSeparate
- architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
- noun mimari, yapıThe design and style of buildings; structure
- argue ˈɑːɡjuː
- verb ileri sürmekTo state a view with reasons
- army ˈɑːmi
- noun ordularLarge groups of soldiers
- as æz
- prep olarakIn the role or form of
- ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
- adj utanmışFeeling guilty or embarrassed
- aspire əˈspaɪə
- verb özlem duymak, hedeflemekTo strongly want to achieve
- at æt
- prep -de, -daIn or near a place
- at a crossroads
- phrase yol ayrımındaAt a point where big choices must be made
- at times
- phrase zaman zamanSometimes
- Athenians
- noun AtinalılarPeople who lived in Athens
- Athens
- noun AtinaThe capital city of Greece
- attachment əˈtætʃmənt
- noun bağlılıkA feeling of close connection
- author ˈɔːθə
- noun yazarA person who writes books
- band bænd
- noun küçük grupA small group of people
- barricade ˌbærɪˈkeɪd
- verb barikat kurup kapanmakTo block a place to keep enemies out
- bay beɪ
- noun uzak tutma durumu — 'at bay' / 'hold at bay' kalıbındaa position where an enemy cannot get close
- bc ˌbiː ˈsiː
- noun Milattan Önce — MÖ anlamına gelirused after a year to show it was before Christ's birth
- be biː
- verb olmakTo exist; used to link or form passives
- bear bɔːn
- verb doğmakBrought into life; here, first created
- behind bɪˈhaɪnd
- prep arkasındaAt the back of
- belief bɪˈliːf
- noun inançSomething a person thinks is true
- beneath bɪˈniːθ
- prep altına, altındaUnder
- bequeath bɪˈkwiːð
- verb miras bırakmakTo pass down to later generations
- best best
- noun en iyilerThe most excellent people or things
- between bɪˈtwiːn
- prep arasındaIn the space or link joining two things
- bond bɒnd
- noun bağlarClose links between people or countries
- boulder ˈbəʊldə
- noun kaya parçalarıVery large rocks
- boundless ˈbaʊndləs
- adj sınırsızWithout limits
- break breɪk
- verb kopmakTo come apart or end
- broken ˈbrəʊkən
- adj kırık, parçalanmışIn pieces; damaged
- build bɪld
- verb inşa etmekTo make by putting parts together
- building ˈbɪldɪŋ
- verb inşa etmemaking something by putting parts together
- bury ˈberi
- verb gömmekTo put under the ground
- but bʌt
- conj amaUsed to show contrast
- but also
- phrase ama aynı zamandaAdds a second, related point
- by baɪ
- prep -e kadar; ileBefore a time; through the action of
- by contrast
- phrase buna karşılıkUsed to show a clear difference
- by contrast
- phrase buna karşılıkused to show a clear difference from what was said
- can kæn
- verb -ebilmekTo be able to
- capacity kəˈpæsəti
- noun yetenek, kapasiteAbility to do something
- care keə
- verb önemsemekTo think something is important
- century ˈsentʃəri
- noun yüzyılA period of one hundred years
- chains tʃeɪnz
- noun zincirler — 'supply chains' içindeseries of linked businesses or stages in producing goods
- choose tʃuːz
- verb seçmekTo decide on one option
- cited ˈsaɪtɪd
- adj alıntılanan — 'most-cited': en çok atıf yapılanmentioned as a source or example
- city ˈsɪti
- noun şehirA large town
- civic ˈsɪvɪk
- adj toplumsal, kentselOf a city and its citizens
- civilisation ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən
- noun medeniyetAn advanced society and its culture
- claim kleɪm
- verb ileri sürmekTo say something is true
- cliff klɪf
- noun uçurumlarSteep rock faces
- come to
- phrase -meye başlamakTo gradually begin to do something
- comfort ˈkʌmfət
- noun rahatlıkA state of ease
- coming ˈkʌmɪŋ
- adj önümüzdekiAbout to happen; next
- commitment kəˈmɪtmənt
- noun taahhütlerPromises to do something
- compete kəmˈpiːt
- verb rekabet etmekTo try to win against others
- competition ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən
- noun rekabetTrying to be better than others
- contrast ˈkɒntrɑːst
- noun karşıtlıka clear difference between two things
- control kənˈtrəʊl
- noun denetimPower to direct something
- conviction kənˈvɪkʃən
- noun kanaat, inançA firm belief
- courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
- noun cesaretAbility to face danger without fear
- critical ˈkrɪtɪkəl
- adj hayatiExtremely important
- curiosity ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti
- noun merakStrong wish to know things
- daring ˈdeərɪŋ
- adj cesurBrave and willing to take risks
- day deɪ
- noun günA period of twenty-four hours
- debt det
- noun borç, minnetSomething owed; a duty of thanks
- decade ˈdekeɪd
- noun on yılA period of ten years
- decision dɪˈsɪʒən
- noun kararlarChoices made after thought
- deeper ˈdiːpə
- adj daha derinGoing further down or inside
- defence dɪˈfens
- noun savunmaProtection against attack; military
- defend dɪˈfend
- verb savunmakTo protect from attack
- deliver dɪˈlɪvə
- verb sunmak, vermekTo give a speech
- deliver an address
- phrase konuşma yapmakTo give a formal speech
- demand dɪˈmɑːnd
- verb gerektirmekTo need or require
- democracy dɪˈmɒkrəsi
- noun demokrasiRule by the people through voting
- diplomacy dɪˈpləʊməsi
- noun diplomasiManaging relations between countries peacefully
- dominance ˈdɒmɪnəns
- noun üstünlükBeing the strongest or most powerful
- down daʊn
- adv aşağıTowards a lower place
- downward ˈdaʊnwəd
- adv aşağıya doğruTowards a lower level
- draw on
- phrasal verb yararlanmak, başvurmakTo use something as a source
- drawing ˈdrɔːɪŋ
- verb yararlanarakusing something as a source of ideas or information
- drawing on
- phrase başvurarak, yararlanarak — draw onusing knowledge or experience as a source
- economy ɪˈkɒnəmi
- noun ekonomiA country's system of money and trade
- energy ˈenədʒi
- noun enerjiPower such as oil, gas or electricity
- equally ˈiːkwəli
- adv aynı şekildeIn the same way; just as importantly
- etch etʃ
- verb kazınmış, işlenmişCut deeply so as to leave a lasting mark
- Europe
- noun AvrupaThe continent including Greece and France
- evacuate ɪˈvækjueɪt
- verb tahliye etmekTo move people away from danger
- eventually ɪˈventʃuəli
- adv sonundaAfter a long time
- everything ˈevriθɪŋ
- pron her şeyAll things
- example ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl
- noun örnekSomething to copy as a model
- excellence ˈeksələns
- noun mükemmellikVery high quality
- exemplary ɪɡˈzempləri
- adj örnek teşkil edenGood enough to be a model
- existence ɪɡˈzɪstəns
- noun varoluşThe state of being alive
- expand ɪkˈspænd
- verb büyümekTo become larger
- exploration ˌekspləˈreɪʃən
- noun keşifTravelling to find out about unknown places
- express ɪkˈspres
- verb dile getirmekTo show a thought or feeling
- expression ɪkˈspreʃən
- noun ifadeler, yansımalarOutward signs of an idea or quality
- fail feɪl
- verb başarısız olmakTo not succeed
- failure ˈfeɪljə
- noun başarısızlıkNot succeeding
- far fɑː
- adv çok dahaBy a large amount
- federalist
- noun Federalist (yazıları)relating to the 1780s essays supporting the US Constitution
- Federalist Papers
- noun Federalist YazılarıEssays supporting the US Constitution, 1780s
- Federalist Papers
- noun Federalist Yazılarıessays from the 1780s arguing for the US Constitution
- fight faɪt
- verb savaşmakTo struggle against an enemy
- fire ˈfaɪə
- noun ateş, ruhBurning heat; here, strong spirit
- follow ˈfɒləʊ
- verb izlemekTo do the same as another
- for fɔː
- prep içinIntended to benefit
- force fɔːs
- noun güç, askeri güçMilitary power
- foresight ˈfɔːsaɪt
- noun ileri görüşlülükAbility to predict and prepare for the future
- forget fəˈɡet
- verb unutmakTo lose memory of
- foundation faʊnˈdeɪʃən
- noun temellerBasic ideas on which something is built
- freedom ˈfriːdəm
- noun özgürlükThe state of being free
- friend frend
- noun dostSomeone you like and trust
- from frɒm
- prep -den, -danStarting at a place or time
- fundamental ˌfʌndəˈmentəl
- adj temelBasic and most important
- future ˈfjuːtʃə
- noun gelecekTime that has not yet come
- gather ˈɡæðə
- verb toplamakTo collect together
- government ˈɡʌvənmənt
- noun hükümetThe group that rules a country
- great ɡreɪt
- adj büyükVery important or impressive
- Greece
- noun YunanistanCountry in southern Europe
- Greek ɡriːk
- adj Yunan; YunanlılarOf Greece or its people
- grow ɡrəʊ
- verb olmak (giderek)To gradually become
- grow ashamed
- phrase utanır hale gelmekTo start feeling shame
- guiding ˈɡaɪdɪŋ
- adj yol göstericiDirecting what one does
- guiding principle
- noun yol gösterici ilkeA basic rule that directs actions
- guilt ɡɪlt
- noun suçlulukFeeling of having done wrong
- hague
- noun Laheya Dutch city where international meetings are held
- have hæv
- verb sahip olmak; (yardımcı fiil)To own; used to form perfect tenses
- he hiː
- pron o (erkek)The man being talked about
- heart hɑːt
- noun öz, merkezThe most important part
- here hɪə
- adv buradaIn this place
- hill hɪl
- noun tepeA raised area of land
- him hɪm
- pron onu, ona (erkek)The man being talked about
- his hɪz
- det onunBelonging to him
- historic hɪˈstɒrɪk
- adj tarihiImportant in history
- historical hɪˈstɒrɪkəl
- adj tarihselOf or about the past
- hold həʊld
- verb engellemek, tutmakto keep something in a place or stop it moving
- hold at bay
- phrase uzak tutmakTo stop an enemy from coming close
- hold at bay
- phrase uzak tutmakto stop someone or something from coming close or attacking
- home həʊm
- noun evlerPlaces where people live
- hope həʊp
- verb ummakTo wish and expect something
- huge hjuːdʒ
- adj devasaVery large
- human ˈhjuːmən
- adj insaniOf people
- ideology ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi
- noun ideolojilerSets of political or social beliefs
- importance ɪmˈpɔːtəns
- noun önemThe quality of mattering a lot
- in ɪn
- prep içinde; -deInside a place, time or state
- in his telling
- phrase onun anlatımına göreAccording to his account
- in his telling
- phrase onun anlatımına göreaccording to the way he describes it
- indispensable ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl
- adj vazgeçilmezToo important to do without
- individualism ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlɪzəm
- noun bireycilikBelief in the freedom of each person
- insatiable ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl
- adj doyumsuzImpossible to satisfy
- insist ɪnˈsɪst
- verb ısrar etmekTo say firmly
- institution ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən
- noun kurumlarLarge organisations like courts or governments
- interest ˈɪntrəst
- noun çıkarlarThings that benefit a nation
- into ˈɪntuː
- prep içineTo the inside of
- invader ɪnˈveɪdə
- noun istilacılarPeople who enter a land by force
- island ˈaɪlənd
- noun adaLand surrounded by water
- it ɪt
- pron o (nesne)The thing being talked about
- its ɪts
- det onun (nesne)Belonging to it
- itself ɪtˈself
- pron kendisiUsed to stress the thing mentioned
- know nəʊ
- verb bilmekTo have knowledge of
- last lɑːst
- adj geçenMost recent
- later ˈleɪtə
- adv sonraAt a time after
- legacy ˈleɡəsi
- noun mirasWhat is left by the past
- life laɪf
- noun yaşamBeing alive; way of living
- light lɪt
- verb yakılmışSet burning
- long lɒŋ
- adj uzunLasting a great time
- loom luːm
- verb heybetle yükselmekTo appear large and impressive
- lose luːz
- verb kaybetmekTo no longer have
- manufacturing ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ
- noun imalatMaking goods in factories
- many ˈmeni
- det birçokA large number of
- Marco
- noun Marco Rubio'nun adıFirst name of the US Secretary of State
- mathematics ˌmæθəˈmætɪks
- noun matematikThe study of numbers and shapes
- medicine ˈmedsən
- noun tıpThe science of treating illness
- migration maɪˈɡreɪʃən
- noun göçMovement of people to other countries
- millennia mɪˈleniə
- noun binlerce yılThousands of years
- more mɔː
- adv dahaTo a greater degree
- most məʊst
- det çoğuThe greater part of
- most-cited ˌməʊst ˈsaɪtɪd
- adj en çok alıntılananQuoted or referred to more than any other
- much mʌtʃ
- pron büyük bölümüA large part
- must mʌst
- verb -meliHave to; need to
- name neɪm
- noun isimA word someone or something is called
- nation ˈneɪʃən
- noun ulus, devletA country and its people
- national ˈnæʃənəl
- adj ulusalOf a whole country
- nearby ˌnɪəˈbaɪ
- adj yakındakiNot far away
- new njuː
- adj yeniRecently made or begun
- next nekst
- adj gelecek, sonrakiComing after this one
- not nɒt
- adv değilUsed to make a statement negative
- note nəʊt
- verb belirtmekTo mention as important
- now naʊ
- adv şimdi, artıkAt the present time
- of ɒv
- prep -nin, -inBelonging to or connected with
- of what
- phrase neydenOf the thing that
- on ɒn
- prep üzerinde; -deTouching a surface; at a day
- once wʌns
- conj bir kez ki, -inceAs soon as; after
- or ɔː
- conj veyaUsed to show a choice
- our ˈaʊə
- det bizimBelonging to us
- owe əʊ
- verb borçlu olmakTo need to give or repay
- papers ˈpeɪpəz
- noun yazılar, makalelerwritten essays or documents
- Parthenon
- noun Partenon tapınağıFamous ancient temple on the Acropolis
- partnership ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp
- noun ortaklıklarWorking relationships between groups
- passion ˈpæʃən
- noun tutkuVery strong feeling
- perfect ˈpɜːfɪkt
- adj kusursuzWithout any fault
- Pericles
- noun Atinalı devlet adamı PeriklesAthenian leader who ordered the Parthenon built
- Persians
- noun PerslerPeople of the ancient Persian empire
- Philadelphia
- noun ABD'de bir şehirUS city whose name comes from Greek
- philosophy fɪˈlɒsəfi
- noun felsefeStudy of basic questions about life and knowledge
- place pleɪs
- noun yerlerLocations; sites
- Plutarch
- noun antik Yunan yazarı PlutarkhosAncient Greek writer of famous biographies
- Pnyx
- noun Atina'daki antik halk meclisi tepesiHill in Athens where citizens met in ancient times
- Pnyx at
- phrase Pnyx'teAt the Pnyx hill
- poetry ˈpəʊətri
- noun şiirPoems as a form of writing
- point to
- phrasal verb işaret etmekTo mention as evidence
- point to
- phrase işaret etmekto mention something as evidence or example
- pointing ˈpɔɪntɪŋ
- verb işaret ederekshowing or drawing attention to something
- politics ˈpɒlətɪks
- noun siyasetActivities of governing a country
- potential pəˈtenʃəl
- noun potansiyelAbility to develop into something
- praise preɪz
- verb övmekTo say good things about
- prevail prɪˈveɪl
- verb galip gelmekTo win in the end
- pride praɪd
- noun onur, gururFeeling of deep satisfaction in oneself
- principle ˈprɪnsəpəl
- noun ilkeA basic rule or belief
- prosperity prɒˈsperəti
- noun refahSuccess and wealth
- pursuit pəˈsjuːt
- noun peşinde koşmaThe act of trying to achieve something
- quality ˈkwɒləti
- noun nitelikA feature of character
- ranging ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
- verb kapsayancovering a variety of subjects
- raze reɪz
- verb yerle bir etmekTo destroy completely
- reach riːtʃ
- verb ulaşmakTo arrive at
- rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
- verb yeniden inşa etmekTo build again
- recall rɪˈkɔːl
- verb hatırlatmak, anmakTo remember and talk about
- reclaim rɪˈkleɪm
- verb geri almakTo take back
- refuse rɪˈfjuːz
- verb reddetmekTo say no to doing something
- reindustrialise ˌriːɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪz
- verb yeniden sanayileştirmekTo build up industry again
- rekindle ˌriːˈkɪndəl
- verb yeniden alevlendirmekTo make burn or grow strong again
- relentless rɪˈlentləs
- adj amansız, durmayanNever stopping or weakening
- remains rɪˈmeɪnz
- noun kalıntılarWhat is left after destruction
- rest on
- phrasal verb dayanmakTo be based on
- return rɪˈtɜːn
- verb geri dönmekTo come back
- revive rɪˈvaɪv
- verb canlandırmakTo bring back to life or strength
- rising ˈraɪzɪŋ
- adj artanGoing up
- risk rɪsk
- noun riskA chance of something bad happening
- roll rəʊl
- verb yuvarlamakTo push something so it turns over and over
- Rubio
- noun Marco Rubio, ABD Dışişleri BakanıUS Secretary of State who gave the speech
- run rʌn
- verb uzanmak, işlemekTo extend or go
- run deep
- phrase derinlere uzanmakTo go very far below the surface
- sacred ˈseɪkrɪd
- adj kutsalHoly; connected with religion
- safety ˈseɪfti
- noun güvenlikBeing free from danger
- say seɪ
- verb söylemekTo speak words
- science ˈsaɪəns
- noun bilimStudy of the natural world through tests
- secretary ˈsekrətri
- noun bakana senior government minister
- Secretary of State
- noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıSenior US official in charge of foreign policy
- set set
- verb koymak, ateşe vermekTo cause to be in a state
- set ablaze
- phrase ateşe vermekTo make something start burning
- set apart
- phrasal verb ayırt etmekTo make different from others
- sets sets
- verb ayırırThird person of set
- ship ʃɪp
- noun gemiA large boat
- since sɪns
- conj çünküBecause
- slumber ˈslʌmbə
- noun uyku, durgunlukSleep; here, long inactivity
- small smɔːl
- adj küçükNot large
- source sɔːs
- noun kaynakWhere something comes from
- speak spiːk
- verb konuşmakTo say words; give a talk
- spending ˈspendɪŋ
- noun harcamaMoney used on something
- stand stænd
- verb durmakTo be in a position or state
- state steɪt
- noun devlet (dışişleri)a nation or its government
- statecraft ˈsteɪtkrɑːft
- noun devlet yönetimi sanatıSkill in running a country's affairs
- states steɪts
- noun devletlercountries or their governments
- story ˈstɔːri
- noun hikâyeAn account of events
- strain streɪn
- verb zorlamak, germekTo put pressure on a relationship
- strength streŋθ
- noun güçBeing strong
- strengthen ˈstreŋθən
- verb güçlendirmekTo make stronger
- strong strɒŋ
- adj güçlüHaving great power
- supply səˈplaɪ
- noun tedarikthe providing of goods that people need
- supply chain
- noun tedarik zincirleriNetworks that make and deliver goods
- supply chain
- noun tedarik zincirithe series of steps by which goods are made and delivered
- survive səˈvaɪv
- verb hayatta kalmakTo continue to live or exist
- take teɪk
- verb almak (karar)To make a decision
- technology tekˈnɒlədʒi
- noun teknolojilerMachines and methods from scientific knowledge
- telling ˈtelɪŋ
- noun anlatıma person's way of describing events
- than ðæn
- conj -den dahaUsed to compare two things
- that ðæt
- conj ki; -dığınıWord introducing a clause
- the ðə
- det (belirli tanımlık)Word used before a known or specific thing
- The Hague
- noun LaheyDutch city where a NATO summit was held
- The Hague
- noun Lahey (Hollanda şehri)a Dutch city where international meetings are held
- their ðeə
- det onlarınBelonging to them
- them ðem
- pron onlar (nesne) — Burada 'the United States and Europe'ı gösterirthe people or things already mentioned
- themselves ðəmˈselvz
- pron kendileriniThose same people
- themselves on
- phrase kendilerini ... kapatmakPart of barricaded themselves on the Acropolis
- then ðen
- adv o zamana kadarAt that time
- they ðeɪ
- pron onlarThe people just mentioned
- this ðɪs
- det buThe one just mentioned
- those ðəʊz
- pron o kişiler; onlarThe people or things referred to
- threat θret
- noun tehditlerDangers that may cause harm
- Thumos
- noun thumos, ruhsal ateşGreek word for spirited passion and courage
- time taɪm
- noun zamanMoments or occasions
- to tuː
- prep -e, -a; -mekTowards; also marks the infinitive
- today təˈdeɪ
- adv bugünIn the present age
- together təˈɡeðə
- adv birlikteWith each other
- trait treɪt
- noun özelliklerQualities of character
- transatlantic ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk
- adj Atlantik ötesiAcross the Atlantic, between Europe and America
- treat triːt
- verb görmek, ele almakTo consider in a certain way
- trial ˈtraɪəl
- noun sınavlar, zorluklarDifficult experiences that test people
- Trump
- noun ABD Başkanı Donald TrumpCurrent US president
- unapologetically ˌʌnəˌpɒləˈdʒetɪkli
- adv çekinmeden, özür dilemedenWithout feeling sorry or ashamed
- under ˈʌndə
- prep döneminde; altındaDuring the rule of; below
- united juːˈnaɪtɪd
- adj birleşikjoined together as one
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe country of America
- United States
- noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe North American country led from Washington
- unknown ˌʌnˈnəʊn
- noun bilinmeyenWhat is not yet understood
- upward ˈʌpwəd
- adv yukarıya doğruTowards a higher level
- US
- adj ABD'ye aitShort for United States
- US Secretary of State
- noun ABD Dışişleri Bakanıthe US government's chief foreign affairs minister
- use juːz
- verb kullanmakTo employ for a purpose
- value ˈvæljuː
- noun değerlerBeliefs about what is important
- very ˈveri
- adj bizzat, tam daUsed to stress a noun
- vocabulary vəˈkæbjələri
- noun sözcük dağarcığıThe words used in a language or field
- wake weɪk
- verb uyanmakTo stop sleeping
- war wɔː
- noun savaşFighting between countries
- we wiː
- pron bizThe speaker and others
- Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
- noun ÇarşambaDay between Tuesday and Thursday
- West west
- noun BatıEurope and North America as a cultural group
- what wɒt
- pron şey, -dığı şeyThe thing that
- when wen
- conj -dığındaAt the time that
- which wɪtʃ
- pron ki oUsed to refer to a thing already mentioned
- who huː
- pron ki onlarUsed to say which person you mean
- wide waɪd
- adj genişcovering a large range of things
- wide-ranging ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
- adj geniş kapsamlıCovering many different subjects
- wide-ranging
- adj geniş kapsamlıcovering many different subjects
- will wɪl
- noun iradeStrong determination
- with wɪð
- prep ile; arkasındaTogether with; having
- without wɪˈðaʊt
- prep -sız, olmadanNot having
- withstand wɪðˈstænd
- verb dayanmakTo resist successfully
- world wɜːld
- noun dünyaThe earth and everything in it
- worst wɜːst
- noun en kötülerThe least good people or things
- would wʊd
- verb -ecek (dolaylı anlatım) — Burada 'hoped all of Europe would follow'used for future in reported speech
- write raɪt
- verb yazmak, belirlemekTo put words on paper; here, shape
- write the story
- phrase geleceği belirlemekTo decide how events will unfold
- Xerxes
- noun Pers kralı I. KserksesPersian king who invaded Greece
- year jɪə
- noun yılA period of twelve months
- yet jet
- conj yine deEven so; however