Yunanda Genel

ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Rubio, Atina'daki Pnyx'te Batı'nın geleceğini anlattı

Rubio Speaks About the Future of the West in Athens

Haberin kaynağı: yunanda.net — ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Rubio, Atina'daki Pnyx'te Batı'nın geleceğini anlattı

ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Rubio, Atina'daki Pnyx'te Batı'nın geleceğini anlattı
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ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Rubio, Atina'daki Pnyx'te Batı'nın geleceğini anlattı

ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Marco Rubio çarşamba günü Atina'daki Pnyx'te geniş kapsamlı bir konuşma yaparak, antik Yunan mirasından yola çıkarak Batı dünyasının değerlerini, zorluklarını ve geleceğini ele aldı. Akropolis'in eşliğinde konuşan Rubio, Batı uygarlığının tarihsel temellerini, ulusal bağlılığı, özgürlüğü ve güçlü bir transatlantik ittifakın önemini anlattı.

ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Marco Rubio'nun Pnyx'teki konuşmasının tam metni:

Dünyanın her yanında büyük harabeler vardır. Bunların çoğu, tarihin kendini tükettiği yerlerdir: canlı hafızanın çoktan ötesine geçmiş uzak kültürlerin kalıntıları.

Ama Akropolis başkadır.

Binlerce yıldır, arkamda duran yapıyı inşa eden uygarlık Batı dünyasının hayal gücünü kendine bağladı. Devlet adamlarımızın, sanatçılarımızın, filozoflarımızın kuşakları ona baktı — hayranlıkla baktılar, dehşetle baktılar.

Zaman zamanla duyuları köreltme eğilimindedir: büyük zaferler ve yıkıcı yenilgiler, ders kitabında bir dipnota, öğrencilerimizin ezbere öğrenip unutacağı bir ayrıntıya dönüşür gibi olur. Ama antik Yunanlar hafızamızda neredeyse mistik bir yer tutar. Bizi tekrar tekrar kendilerine çağırırlar.

İsa'dan 480 yıl önce Kserkses'in orduları bu kente varıp kutsal yerlerini ateşe verdi. Atinalıların çoğu o sıralarda gemiyle yakın bir adaya tahliye olmuştu. Ama küçük bir grup evini terk etmeyi reddetti. Bunun yerine Akropolis'in kayalık kalesine barikat kurup olağanüstü bir son direnişe kalkıştılar; uçurumlardan aşağı dev taşlar yuvarlayarak Pers işgalcilerini püskürttüler ve dönemin en büyük imparatorluğunu günlerce uzak tuttular. Sonunda üstün geldiler. Persler tapınakları yağmaladı, mabetleri yaktı, Akropolis'i yerle bir etti. Ama Atinalılar döndüklerinde eski Akropolis'in kırık kalıntılarını toplayıp ayakta durduğu tepenin altına gömdüler. Onlarca yıl sonra da Perikles döneminde Partenon'u inşa ettiler .

Ondan bu yana 25 asır geçti. Partenon'un gölgesinde imparatorluklar yükseldi ve çöktü. Onu yapanların soyundan gelenler — Atina ve Roma'nın oğulları — uygarlıklarını dünyanın en uzak köşelerine kadar taşıdı.

Amerika cumhuriyetinin, şimdi durduğum yerin tam karşı yakasında kuruluşundan iki buçuk asır sonra — bugün o cumhuriyetin Dışişleri Bakanı olarak, Yeni Dünya'ya İspanya'dan göç etmiş yerleşimcilerin bir torunu olarak — burada, hiçbir zamanın aşındıramayacağı, hiçbir mesafenin silemeyeceği bir borca tanıklık etmek için duruyorum.

Amerika'nın, ülkemizin tarihi antik dünyanın parmak izleriyle kaplıdır. Yunanistan, hükümetimizin mimarisine kelimenin tam anlamıyla kazınmıştır: yükselen sütunlarda, kubbelere ve başkentimizdeki anıtlarda. Anayasamızın doğduğu kent — Philadelphia — bizzat Yunanca bir addır.

Ülkemi kuranlar sizin bize miras bıraktığınız bu birikime hayrandılar. Tarihi olağanüstü derecede iyi biliyorlardı — tarihteki özgün yerlerinin fazlasıyla farkındaydılar — ama hiçbir çağ antik dünya kadar ilgilerini ve hayal güçlerini çekmedi. Federalist Yazılar'da en çok atıf yapılan yazarın bir Aydınlanma filozofu ya da siyaset kuramcısı olmadığını öğrenen pek çok kişi şaşırır. Hayır, Federalist Yazılar'da en çok atıf yapılan yazar, Yunan ve Roma'nın büyük adamlarının biyografilerini yazan Yunanlı Plutarh idi.

Antik Yunan'ın Amerika'nın Kurucuları'nın fikirleri üzerindeki etkisi hakkında — bu arada onlardan önce gelen tüm Batılı filozoflar ve devlet adamları için de — çok şey yazıldı ve söylendi. Çoğumuz temel tarihi biliriz. Atina bize demokrasiyi verdi. Platon ve Aristoteles bize Batı felsefesini verdi. Hukuk, erdem, yurttaşlık ve cumhuriyetçi yönetim fikirlerimiz Yunan şehir devletlerinde şekillendi. Siyaset dağarcığımızın büyük bölümü — demokrasi, tiranlık gibi sözcükler, "siyaset" sözünün kendisi — burada doğdu.

Bunların hepsi doğru. Ama bu yere borçlu olduklarımız — Amerikalılar ve Batılılar olarak — aslında çok ama çok daha derindir. Bu kurumlar ve fikirler, antik Yunanlarda gördüğümüz daha temel niteliklerin dışa vurumuydu; herhangi bir siyasal sisteme ya da kurama indirgenemeyen nitelikler.

Burada, Atina'da, Batı'yı tanımlayacak tüm asıl niteliklerin ilk kez tam anlamıyla vücut bulduğunu gördük: amansız bireysellik ve bitmeyen hırs; cesur keşif ve icat; keşfe, maceraya, riske ve şöhrete duyulan özlem. Dünya ve onu işleyen ilkeler hakkında doymak bilmez bir merak, doğanın gizemlerini öğrenme ve kozmosun sırlarını kavrama açlığı. İmkânsızlık fikrine tahammülsüzlük, tüm sınır ve engellere karşı huzursuzluk, bilinmeyenin derinliklerine bakma çabası.

Bunlar yalnızca belirli bir felsefe okulunun formülleri ya da ilkeleri değildi. Bir halkın karakteriydi — geleneklerinde, öykülerinde, hayal güçlerinde; yurttaşlarından bekledikleri niteliklerde; uğruna yaşadıkları, savaştıkları ve öldükleri şeylerde ifadesini bulan bir karakter.

Onları tanımak kendimizi tanımaktır.

Bu yerde filizlenen şey, cehaletin, karanlığın ve uzaklığın insanın zihninden sakladığı her şeyi ortaya çıkarma isteğiydi. Yunanlar yalnızca tarihi şekillendirmediler; Yunanlar bize tarihin kendisini verdi. Birçok antik uygarlık hakkında bildiklerimizin büyük bölümü neredeyse tamamen Yunan kaşiflerin ve tarihçilerin kayıtlarından gelir; bu kaşif ve tarihçiler yalnızca kendi halklarının tarihini yazmakla kalmadı, dışarı çıkıp dünyanın dört bir yanındaki yabancı halkların ve kültürlerin destanlarını gözlemleyip kaydettiler.

Başkaları içe bakarken, Yunanlar ilgisini dışarı yönlendiren ilk halk oldu; alışılmadık ve yeni olan her şeyi görmenin heyecanını ve şerefini kovaladılar. Batı'yı başkalarının yapamayacağı şeyleri yaratmaya ve inşa etmeye iten işte bu nitelikti; istikrarın ve geçim derdinin hayatın en yüksek hedefi olduğu pek çok kültür ve uygarlıktan bizi ayıran özellik.

Ama Yunanlardan miras aldığımız yalnızca bilinmeyeni keşif hırsı değil; bilinmeyenin bilinebileceği inancıdır. Dünyanın çizilebileceği, ölçülebileceği, haritalanabileceği ve anlaşılabileceği güveni — ve kozmosun belirli temel yasalarca yönetilen rasyonel bir düzeni olduğu, insanların gözlemleyebileceği ve zihnin kavrayabileceği yasalar.

Batı zihninin temeli buydu: matematiğimiz, bilimimiz, tıbbımız. Felsefemiz, ahlakımız ve dinimiz. İsa Mesih'in müjdesinin Avrupa'da verimli toprak bulmasına ve büyüyerek Hristiyanlığın imparatorluğuna dönüşmesine yol açtı. Hristiyan ilahiyatının zenginliğinin — Augustinus'un, Aquino'lu Thomas'ın ve tüm doğal hukuk geleneğinin — temeliydi.

Yalnızca ortak bir kültürle değil, ortak bir antropolojiyle — insan ve evrendeki yeri konusunda ortak bir bakışla — nitelenen bir uygarlık doğurdu. Onun soyundan gelenler yalnızca doğal düzen fikrini değil, erdeme dair özgün bir anlayışı; kader ve alın yazısına dair; doğruluğa, iyiye ve güzele dair; insanların nasıl yaşaması gerektiğini buyuran bir düzene dair; gayret gösterilecek nesnel ölçütler ve ideallere dair anlayışı paylaşacaktı.

Antik Yunanlar için üstünlük arayışı insanın varoluşunun ilkesiydi. Tüm sivil yaşamı yarış, hırs, rekabet üzerine kurdular: felsefe ve şiirde, heykel ve dramada, atletizm ve sanatta, savaşta ve devlet yönetiminde. Klasik Yunan kenti büyük adamların kendilerini sınaması ve kanıtlaması, bitmeyen mücadeleyle potansiyellerini bileyerek en iyi, en güçlü, en güzel olmaya, kusursuzluğa her seferinde biraz daha yaklaşmaya çalışması için bir arenaydı.

Modern kulaklara az önce anlattığım bu yaşam tarzı tuhaf gelebilir; hatta acımasız bile gelebilir. Günümüzdeki birçok ideolojinin ideali açıkçası, riskin ve başarısızlığın olmadığı, zaferin şeremi de yenilginin utancı da bulunmayan kusursuz bir güvenlik dünyası haline geldi. Günümüzde çoğu zaman aşağı doğru inşa ediyoruz. Standartlarımızı kimsenin kaybetmeyeceği şekilde tasarlıyoruz; en kötüsünün konforunu, en iyisinin potansiyelinden daha çok dert ediyoruz. Aramızdaki en seçkin şeyleri sıradanlığın, vasatın rehinesi yapıyoruz.

Partenon'u yapanlar yukarı doğru inşa ettiler. Hayatta en yüksek ve en soylu idealin herkesi geride bırakmak, her konuda en iyi olmaya çalışmak olduğunu savundular. Antik Yunan şehir devletleri şiddetli tutkuyla, rekabetle, hiziple, çatışmayla doluydu. Ama ayırt edilme uğrundaki bu sürekli mücadeleden sanatın ve felsefenin ve siyasal ile düşünsel enerjinin büyük doğuşu çıktı; Akdeniz'in bir kentler topluluğunu dünyanın en büyük uygarlığının beşiğine dönüştürecek olan doğuş.

Antik Yunanların dediği gibi thumos — tutkunun, gücün, cesaretin, gururun ateşi — büyük uygarlığın kalbidir. Ve onsuz? Uluslar savaşma, mücadele etme, hayatta kalma iradesini yitirir.

Bugün Batı'nın büyük bölümü bu niteliği unuttu. Zamanla biz Batılılar bizi seçkin kılan şeylerden utanır olduk. Başarılarımızın bizi dünyanın geri kalanından ayırmasından rahatsızlık duyduk. Refahımız bir şekilde suçluluk kaynağına dönüştü. Büyüklüğümüzü hak ettiğimize ve kazandığımıza inanmayı bıraktık.

"Milliyetçilik" sözcüğü kirli bir kelime oldu. Anıtlarımızı yıktık; kendi tarihimizi mahkûm ettik. Pek çok yerde çocuklarımıza miras alacakları ülkelerinden utanmayı öğrettik. Bu süreçte sınırlarımızı açtık, sanayimizi dışarı taşıdık, silahlı kuvvetlerimizin çürümesine izin verdik.

Ve geçen her yıl egemenliğimizin daha fazlasını dışarı devretmiş gibi göründük; kararlarımızı denetimimizin çok ötesindeki küresel bürokrasilere aktardık.

Ama başkaları bizim bıraktığımız boşluğu — zayıflığımızdan doğan boşluğu — doldurmaya fazlasıyla hazırdı. Batı'nın güveni sarsıldıkça düşmanları ve rakipleri daha iddialı hale geldi, bizim yerimize kendi zenginliklerini ve kendi güçlerini inşa ettiler.

Ve bugün bir yol ayrımındayız. Çünkü önümüzdeki on yıl ve vereceğimiz kararlar gelecek yüzyılın hikâyesini yazacak. İzleyeceğimiz yol, Batı'nın dünyanın başında yerini koruyup korumayacağını ya da çürümenin, köleliğin ve gerilemenin geleceğine boyun eğip eğmeyeceğini belirleyecek. Ya şimdi harekete geçmeyi seçeceğiz ya da hiç seçme hakkını kaybedeceğiz.

Trump yönetimi altında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri kararını verdi. Biz ulusal gücü özür dilemeden savunmayı seçiyoruz : kritik tedarik zincirlerimizin denetimini geri almak, ekonomimizi yeniden sanayileştirmek, savunmamızı yeniden kurmak, geleceğin teknolojileri ve sanayilerinde hâkimiyet için mücadele etmek.

Yeni sınırlara ulaşmayı seçiyoruz: ileri imalatta ve süper zekâda; insansız hava araçlarında, silahlarda ve savaşta; çiplerde, minerallerde, siber alanda ve insan olanağının diğer her alanında. Enerjimizi açığa çıkarmak, fabrikalarımızı yeniden kurmak, astronotlarımızı aya döndürmek ve uzayda yeni bir keşf çağı başlatmak.

Antik Yunanlar ne kadar yüce ideallere sahip olsalar da saf değillerdi. Ulusların çıkarları olduğunu biliyorlardı. Devlet yönetiminin öngörü ve diplomasi gerektirdiğini biliyorlardı ama öngörü ve diplomasinin iflas ettiği anda güç kullanma becerisi gerektiğini de biliyorlardı. Gücün yalnızca kendini savunma imkânına sahip olmayı değil, o gücü kullanmaya hazır olduğunuzun inandırıcılığını da gerektirdiğini biliyorlardı.

Trump yönetiminin yeniden kazanmak istediği siyaset ve devlet yönetimi anlayışı budur — yalnız bizim ülkemiz için değil, tüm uygarlığımız için.

Avrupa'nın uzun uykusundan uyanıp binlerce yıl önce burada yakılan ateşi yeniden canlandırabileceğine inanıyoruz.

Belirtiler zaten var.

Bu kıtada, nesiller boyu sürecek bir değişimin başlangıcı olmasını umduğumuz şeye tanık oluyoruz: tavan yapan savunma harcamaları, birbirini izleyen yeni ortaklıklar ve programlar, geçen yıl Lahey'de yapılan tarihi savunma taahhütlerini izleyen genişleyen imalat ve üretim.

Yunanistan bu değişimin merkezinde oldu. Bu ulusun halkı, enerjiden göçmenliğe ve savunmaya kadar her konuda — Yunanistan'ın örnek bir müttefik olduğu savunma dahil — hem Avrupa hem de Amerika Birleşik Devletleri için vazgeçilmez bir dost olduğunu bir kez daha kanıtladı.

Ve tüm Avrupa'nın sizin örneğinizi izlemesini içtenlikle umuyoruz.

Tutkular zaman zaman Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Avrupa arasındaki sevgi bağlarını germiş olsa da, bu bağların kopmasına izin verilmemelidir. Birlikte, çağımızın tehditlerine göğüs gerebilecek bir ittifakı güçlendirmeliyiz.

Bu metin Yunanda sitesindeki haberin kendisidir.

Bu seviyede: Günlük hayattaki çok basit ifadeleri ve tanıdık kelimeleri anlarsın. Kendini tanıtabilir, basit sorular sorup cevaplayabilirsin.

Bu metinde: Present simpleGeniş zamanPast simpleBasit geçmiş zamanVerb to be (is/was)Be fiili (is/was)

87 kelime · ortalama cümle 7 kelime · ~1 dk okuma

Marco Rubio speaks in Athens

Marco Rubio is the foreign minister of the USA. He spoke in Athens on Wednesday. He was at the Pnyx. The Acropolis was there.

He talked about the West and its future. He said ancient Greece is very important. He said America has many things from ancient Greece. For example, Philadelphia is a Greek name. He said Athens gave us democracy.

He said Greece is a very good friend. It is a friend of Europe and the USA. He wants the USA and Europe to work together.

Bu metnin sözlüğü (59)

a /ə/
det birOne; used before a singular noun
about /əˈbaʊt/
prep hakkındaOn the subject of
acropolis
noun AkropolisThe famous old hill with temples in Athens
america
noun Amerika (ABD)The USA
ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/
adj antik, eskiVery, very old
ancient greece
noun Antik YunanistanThe Greek land and people of very long ago
and /ænd/
conj veWord that joins things
at /æt/
prep -de, -daIn or near a place
athens
noun AtinaThe capital city of Greece
democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/
noun demokrasiA way to rule where people vote
europe
noun AvrupaA continent with many countries
example /ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/
noun örnekOne thing that shows what others are like
for /fɔː/
prep içinWord used to show a reason or use
for example
phrase örneğinUsed to give one case of something
foreign /ˈfɒrən/
adj yabancı, dışFrom or about another country
foreign minister
noun dışişleri bakanıThe government person who talks to other countries
friend /frend/
noun dostA person or country you like and help
from /frɒm/
prep -den, -danComing out of a place or time
future /ˈfjuːtʃə/
noun gelecekThe time that will come
gave /ɡeɪv/
verb verdiPast of give: let someone have something
good /ɡʊd/
adj iyiNice; not bad
greece
noun YunanistanA country in southeast Europe
greek /ɡriːk/
adj Yunan, YunancaFrom Greece
has /hæz/
verb sahip, varForm of 'have' for he, she, it
he /hiː/
pron o (erkek)A man or boy we talk about
important /ɪmˈpɔːtənt/
adj önemliHaving a big meaning or value
in /ɪn/
prep -de, -daInside a place
is /ɪz/
verb -dir, -dırForm of 'be' for he, she, it
it /ɪt/
pron o (eşya)A thing or place we talk about
its /ɪts/
det onun (eşya)Of it
many /ˈmeni/
det birçokA large number of
marco
noun Marco Rubio'nun adıThe first name of Marco Rubio
marco rubio
noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıA US politician who is the foreign minister of the USA
minister /ˈmɪnɪstə/
noun bakanA person who leads a part of the government
name /neɪm/
noun isim, adThe word a person or place is called
of /ɒv/
prep -in, -ınWord that shows who or what has something
on /ɒn/
prep -de, -da (gün)Word used before a day
philadelphia
noun Philadelphia (ABD şehri)A big city in the USA
pnyx
noun Pnyx Tepesi (Atina)An old hill in Athens where people met to vote
rubio
noun Marco Rubio'nun soyadıThe family name of Marco Rubio
said /sed/
verb dediPast of say: spoke words
speaks spiːks
verb konuşur — Metinde 'spoke' (konuştu) biçimi geçer; 'speaks' ise 'speak' fiilinin he/she/it ile kullanılan şimdiki zaman biçimidir (başlıkta).says words to people; talks
spoke /spəʊk/
verb konuştu — speak fiilinin geçmişiPast of speak: said words to people
talked /tɔːkt/
verb konuştuSaid words to people
talked about
phrase hakkında konuştuSpoke about a subject
the /ðə/
det (belirli tanımlık)Word used before a thing we know or name
there /ðeə/
adv oradaIn that place
things /θɪŋz/
noun şeylerObjects or ideas
to /tuː/
prep -e, -a; (fiille) -mekWord used before a verb or a place
together /təˈɡeðə/
adv birlikteWith each other
us /ʌs/
pron bizeThe speaker and other people
usa
noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe United States of America, a big country
very /ˈveri/
adv çokMore than a little
wants /wɒnts/
verb istiyorHopes to have or do something
was /wɒz/
verb idi, -dıPast of 'be' for he, she, it
wednesday
noun çarşambaThe day after Tuesday
west /west/
noun Batı — Burada coğrafi yön değil, Batı dünyasıCountries of Europe and North America
work /wɜːk/
verb çalışmakDo a job or task
work together
phrase birlikte çalışmakDo a job with other people
A2

Bu seviyede: Alışveriş, iş, yakın çevre gibi tanıdık konulardaki cümleleri anlarsın. Rutin işlerde basit ve doğrudan bilgi alışverişi yapabilirsin.

Bu metinde: Past simpleGeçmiş zamanPresent simpleGeniş zamanWant to + verbİstemek + fiilWill for predictionsWill ile gelecekModal verb mustGereklilik: must

142 kelime · ortalama cümle 10 kelime · ~2 dk okuma

Rubio spoke in Athens about the West

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio gave a big speech on Wednesday. He spoke at the Pnyx in Athens. The Acropolis was behind him. He started with the heritage of ancient Greece. He talked about the values, problems and future of the West.

He said America owes a lot to ancient Greece. He said Greece is in the buildings of the American government. The city of Philadelphia has a Greek name. The most quoted writer in the Federalist Papers was Plutarch, a Greek. He said the West is at a crossroads.

Rubio said the Trump administration made its choice. It wants to build its industry and its defense again. He said Greece is an important friend of Europe and the United States. He hopes all of Europe will follow Greece. He said the United States and Europe must keep a strong alliance.

Bu metnin sözlüğü (89)

a ə
det birone; used before a thing not known before
about əˈbaʊt
prep hakkındaon the subject of
Acropolis
noun Atina AkropolüThe famous ancient hill with old buildings in Athens.
administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən
noun yönetima government and its leaders
again əˈɡen
adv yenidenone more time
all ɔːl
pron hepsievery one; the whole group
alliance əˈlaɪəns
noun ittifakan agreement between countries to help each other
America
noun AmerikaThe United States.
American əˈmerɪkən
adj Amerikanof the United States
an æn
det bir — Ünlü sesle başlayan sözcüklerden önce kullanılır.a word used before a singular noun that starts with a vowel sound
ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
adj antik, çok eskifrom a very long time ago
and ænd
conj veused to join words or ideas
at æt
prep -de, -dain a place
at a crossroads
phrase yol ayrımındaat a time when an important choice must be made
Athens
noun Atina, Yunanistan'ın başkentiThe capital city of Greece.
be biː
verb olmak — was = geçmiş, is = şimdiki zamanto exist or to be in a state or place
behind bɪˈhaɪnd
prep arkasındaat the back of someone or something
big bɪɡ
adj büyük, önemlilarge or important
build bɪld
verb inşa etmek, geliştirmekto make something grow or exist
building ˈbɪldɪŋ
noun binaa structure with walls and a roof
choice tʃɔɪs
noun seçima decision between two or more things
city ˈsɪti
noun şehira large town
defense dɪˈfens
noun savunma — İngiliz yazımı: defenceprotection of a country from attack
Europe
noun AvrupaThe continent that includes Greece, France and Germany.
federalist ˈfedərəlɪst
adj federalist — Burada 'Federalist Papers' adının parçası.part of the name of a famous book; about a government with shared power
Federalist Papers
noun Federalist YazılarıFamous old writings about how the US government should work.
federalist papers
phrase Federalist Yazılarıfamous American writings from the 1780s that explain the idea of the US government
follow ˈfɒləʊ
verb izlemek, takip etmekto do the same as someone else
friend frend
noun dost, müttefika person or country that helps and likes you
future ˈfjuːtʃə
noun gelecekthe time that will come after now
gave a speech
phrase konuşma yaptıtalked to a group of people in a formal way
give ɡɪv
verb vermek — düzensiz: give-gave-givento hand something to someone
government ˈɡʌvənmənt
noun hükümetthe group of people who rule a country
Greece
noun YunanistanA country in southern Europe.
Greek ɡriːk
adj Yunan, Yunanca — Metinde ayrıca 'Yunanlı kişi' anlamında da geçer.from or about Greece
have hæv
verb sahip olmak — has = he/she/it ileto own or to carry
he hiː
pron o (erkek)a man or boy already talked about
heritage ˈherɪtɪdʒ
noun mirasold things and ideas passed down from the past
him hɪm
pron onu, ona (erkek)a man already talked about, as object
hope həʊp
verb ummakto want something to happen
important ɪmˈpɔːtənt
adj önemlihaving great value or meaning
in ɪn
prep -de, içindeinside a place or thing
industry ˈɪndəstri
noun sanayifactories and companies that make things
it ɪt
pron o (nesne/yönetim)a thing or group already talked about
its ɪts
det onun (nesne)belonging to it
keep kiːp
verb sürdürmekto continue to have something
lot lɒt
noun çok miktara large amount (a lot)
make meɪk
verb yapmak (karar) — düzensiz: make-made-madeto decide or do (a choice)
Marco
noun Marco Rubio'nun adıThe first name of Marco Rubio.
most məʊst
adv en (çok)more than all others
must mʌst
verb -meliused when something is necessary
name neɪm
noun isimthe word someone or something is called
of ɒv
prep -nin, -inbelonging to or part of
on ɒn
prep -de (gün)used before a day
owe əʊ
verb borçlu olmakto have good things thanks to someone
owe a lot to
phrase çok şey borçlu olmakto have got much help or good things from someone
papers ˈpeɪpəz
noun yazılar, makaleler — Burada 'Federalist Papers' adının parçası.written texts or essays
Philadelphia
noun Philadelphia, ABD şehriA big city in the United States.
Plutarch
noun Plutarkhos, antik Yunan yazarA Greek writer from ancient times.
Pnyx
noun Atina'da antik bir tepeAn old hill in Athens where people met in ancient times.
problem ˈprɒbləm
noun sorunsomething difficult that needs a solution
quote kwəʊt
verb alıntılamakto repeat the words of someone else
Rubio
noun Marco Rubio, ABD Dışişleri BakanıThe US Secretary of State in this text.
say seɪ
verb söylemek — düzensiz: say-said-saidto speak words to tell something
secretary ˈsekrətri
noun bakan — ABD'de 'Secretary of State' dışişleri bakanıdır.a top government leader in charge of one big area
Secretary of State
noun Dışişleri BakanıThe US government minister who deals with other countries.
secretary of state
phrase dışişleri bakanıthe US government leader in charge of relations with other countries
speak spiːk
verb konuşmak — düzensiz: speak-spoke-spokento say words to people
speech spiːtʃ
noun konuşmaa talk given to a group of people
start stɑːt
verb başlamakto begin to do something
state steɪt
noun devlet — 'Secretary of State' ifadesinin parçası.a country or its government
states steɪts
noun devletler (ülke) — Burada 'United States' adının parçası.countries; here part of the name 'United States'
strong strɒŋ
adj güçlüpowerful and not easy to break
talk tɔːk
verb konuşmakto speak about something
the ðə
det (belirli tanımlık)used before a known person or thing
the West
noun Batı (dünyası)The countries of Europe and North America.
to tuː
prep -e, -atowards; used with a person or place
Trump
noun Donald Trump, ABD başkanıThe US president in this text.
Trump administration
noun Trump yönetimiThe government led by President Trump.
united juˈnaɪtɪd
adj birleşik — Burada 'United States' adının parçası.joined together as one
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe country of America.
united states
phrase Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe big country in North America; the USA
US
adj ABD'ninShort for United States.
value ˈvæljuː
noun değerlerideas about what is right and important
want wɒnt
verb istemekto hope to have or do something
Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
noun Çarşambathe day after Tuesday
will wɪl
verb -ecekused to talk about the future
with wɪð
prep iletogether; using
writer ˈraɪtə
noun yazara person who writes books or articles
B1

Bu seviyede: İş, okul, gündem gibi tanıdık konulardaki net metinlerin ana fikrini anlarsın. Olayları, deneyimleri ve planları anlatabilirsin.

Bu metinde: Reported speech with 'said that'Dolaylı anlatımPresent perfectYakın geçmiş zaman (present perfect)Defining relative clausesTanımlayıcı ilgi cümleleriSimple passiveEdilgen yapı

250 kelime · ortalama cümle 15 kelime · ~2 dk okuma

Rubio Speaks About the Future of the West in Athens

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio gave a long speech at the Pnyx in Athens on Wednesday. He spoke with the Acropolis behind him. He talked about the values, problems and future of the Western world.

Rubio said that ancient Greece has deeply influenced the history of the United States. He said that Greece is carved into the architecture of the American government. The city where the American constitution was born, Philadelphia, has a Greek name. He also said that the most quoted writer in the Federalist Papers was the Greek author Plutarch.

However, Rubio said that much of the West has forgotten thumos, a fire of passion and courage. He said that Westerners became ashamed of what makes them special. He said that the West opened its borders, moved its industry abroad and let its armed forces weaken. He said that others were ready to fill the gap, and that the West is now at a crossroads. According to Rubio, the next ten years will write the story of the next century.

Rubio said that the United States has made its choice under the Trump administration. He said that it wants to take back control of key supply chains and rebuild its industry and defence. He said that Greece has proved to be an essential friend of both Europe and the United States. He hopes that all of Europe will follow the Greek example. Finally, he said that the alliance between the United States and Europe must be strengthened.

Bu metnin sözlüğü (158)

a ə
det birone; used before a singular noun
about əˈbaʊt
prep hakkındaon the subject of
abroad əˈbrɔːd
adv yurtdışınain or to another country
according to
phrase -e göreas said by someone
according to
phrase …e göre — Birinin görüşünü aktarırken kullanılır.as said by someone or shown by something
Acropolis
noun Atina'daki antik kale tepesithe famous ancient hill with temples in Athens
administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən
noun yönetimthe government of a president
all ɔːl
det tümevery one of a group
alliance əˈlaɪəns
noun ittifakan agreement between countries to work together
also ˈɔːlsəʊ
adv ayrıcain addition; too
American əˈmerɪkən
adj Amerikanof the United States
an æn
det bir — Sesli harfle başlayan sözcüklerden önce 'a' yerine kullanılır.one; used before words starting with a vowel sound
ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
adj antik, eskifrom a very long time ago
and ænd
conj veused to join words or ideas
architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
noun mimarithe style and design of buildings
armed ɑːmd
adj silahlıcarrying or using weapons
armed forces
noun silahlı kuvvetlera country's army, navy and air force
armed forces
noun silahlı kuvvetlera country's army, navy and air force
ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
adj utanmış — ashamed of: -den utanmakfeeling bad because of something you think is wrong
at æt
prep -dein or near a place
at a crossroads
phrase kavşakta — Mecazi kullanımat an important point where a big choice must be made
Athens
noun Yunanistan'ın başkentithe capital city of Greece
author ˈɔːθə
noun yazara person who writes a book
back bæk
adv gerireturning to a former place or state
be biː
verb olmak — is/was/were: be'nin hallerito exist or to have a quality
become bɪˈkʌm
verb olmak — become–became–becometo start to be
behind bɪˈhaɪnd
prep arkasındaat the back of someone or something
between bɪˈtwiːn
prep arasındain the middle of two people or groups
border ˈbɔːdə
noun sınırlarthe line between two countries
born bɔːn
adj doğmuş, ortaya çıkmışstarted to exist
both bəʊθ
det her ikisi de — both A and B: hem A hem Bthe two together
carve kɑːv
verb oymakto cut a shape into stone or wood
carved into
phrase üzerine oyulmuş — Mecazi: derinden işlenmişcut into a hard surface as a shape; here: clearly part of
century ˈsentʃəri
noun yüzyıla period of one hundred years
chains tʃeɪnz
noun zincirlerconnected series of things or steps
choice tʃɔɪs
noun seçim, tercihthe act of deciding between things
city ˈsɪti
noun şehira large and important town
constitution ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən
noun anayasathe basic laws of a country
control kənˈtrəʊl
noun kontrolpower to decide what happens
courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
noun cesaretthe ability to do difficult things without fear
crossroads ˈkrɒsrəʊdz
noun kavşaka place where two roads cross
deeply ˈdiːpli
adv derindenvery strongly or very much
defence dɪˈfens
noun savunma — ABD yazımı: defenseprotection of a country against attack
essential ɪˈsenʃəl
adj vazgeçilmezabsolutely necessary
Europe
noun Avrupathe continent that includes Greece, France and Germany
example ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl
noun örneksomething that shows how to do things
federalist ˈfedərəlɪst
adj federalistsupporting a system where states share power with a central government
Federalist Papers
noun ABD'nin kuruluşu dönemi denemelerifamous 18th-century essays supporting the US constitution
Federalist Papers
noun Federalist Yazılarıfamous essays from the 1780s explaining the US constitution
fill fɪl
verb doldurmakto make a space full
fill the gap
phrase boşluğu doldurmakto take the place of something missing
finally ˈfaɪnəli
adv son olarakas the last point
fire ˈfaɪə
noun ateş, hırsstrong feeling inside a person
follow ˈfɒləʊ
verb izlemek, örnek almakto do the same as someone else
follow the example
phrase örnek almakto copy what someone has done
forces ˈfɔːsɪz
noun kuvvetlergroups of soldiers and military units
forget fəˈɡet
verb unutmak — forget–forgot–forgottento not remember something
friend frend
noun dost, müttefika person or country that supports you
future ˈfjuːtʃə
noun gelecekthe time that will come after now
gap ɡæp
noun boşlukan empty space where something is missing
give ɡɪv
verb yapmak, vermek — give–gave–givento do or provide something (here: a speech)
give a speech
phrase konuşma yapmakto talk formally to a group of people
government ˈɡʌvənmənt
noun hükümetthe people who run a country
Greece
noun Yunanistana country in southern Europe
Greek ɡriːk
adj Yunan, Yunancafrom or related to Greece
have hæv
verb sahip olmak (yardımcı fiil) — has: have'in 3. tekil şahıs haliused with another verb to talk about the past
he hiː
pron o (erkek)a man already mentioned
him hɪm
pron onu, ona (erkek)a man already mentioned, as object
history ˈhɪstri
noun tarihthe story of past events
hope həʊp
verb ummakto want and expect something good
however haʊˈevə
adv ancakbut; used to show a contrast
in ɪn
prep -de, içindeinside a place or area
in the Federalist Papers
phrase Federalist Papers'tainside a famous set of American political essays
industry ˈɪndəstri
noun sanayifactories and companies that make goods
influence ˈɪnfluəns
verb etkilemekto change how something develops
into ˈɪntuː
prep içineto the inside of something
it ɪt
pron o (nesne)a thing or country already mentioned
its ɪts
det onun (nesne)belonging to it
key kiː
adj kilit, önemlivery important
let let
verb izin vermek, bırakmak — let + nesne + fiilto allow something to happen
long lɒŋ
adj uzuntaking a lot of time
make meɪk
verb yapmak, kılmak — make–made–madeto cause someone or something to be
make a choice
phrase tercih yapmakto decide between different options
marco
noun Marco (Rubio'nun adı)first name of Marco Rubio, the US Secretary of State
Marco Rubio
noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıAmerican politician who is US Secretary of State
most məʊst
adv en (çok)more than any other
move muːv
verb taşımakto take something to a different place
much mʌtʃ
pron büyük kısmıa large part of something
must mʌst
verb -meli, zorundaused to say something is necessary
name neɪm
noun isimthe word someone or something is called
next nekst
adj gelecek, sonrakicoming after this one
now naʊ
adv şimdiat this time
of ɒv
prep -in, -ınbelonging to or connected with
of ɒv
prep -den (utanmak)used after 'ashamed' to show the reason
of ɒv
prep üzerindeused after 'control' to show what is controlled
of the United States
phrase ABD'ninbelonging to the USA
on ɒn
prep -de (gün)used before a day of the week
open ˈəʊpən
verb açmakto let people or things come in
other ˈʌðə
pron diğerleridifferent people or countries
papers ˈpeɪpəz
noun yazılar, belgelerwritten essays or official documents
passion ˈpæʃən
noun tutkua very strong feeling or enthusiasm
Philadelphia
noun ABD'de bir şehira US city where the constitution was written
Plutarch
noun antik Yunan yazaran ancient Greek writer of biographies
Pnyx
noun Atina'da tarihî tepean ancient hill in Athens where citizens met
problem ˈprɒbləm
noun sorunsomething difficult that needs a solution
prove pruːv
verb olduğunu göstermekto show to be true or to be a certain thing
prove to be
phrase olduğu anlaşılmakto turn out to be
quote kwəʊt
verb alıntılamakto repeat the words of someone else
ready ˈredi
adj hazırprepared to do something
rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
verb yeniden inşa etmekto build something again
Rubio
noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıMarco Rubio, the US Secretary of State
say seɪ
verb söylemek — say–said–saidto tell something using words
secretary ˈsekrətri
noun bakana senior government minister
Secretary of State
noun ABD Dışişleri Bakanı — ABD'ye özgü unvanthe US government minister in charge of foreign affairs
speak spiːk
verb konuşmak — speak–spoke–spokento say things to people with your voice
special ˈspeʃəl
adj özeldifferent and better than usual
speech spiːtʃ
noun konuşmaa formal talk given to an audience
state steɪt
noun devleta country or its government
story ˈstɔːri
noun hikâyean account of events
strengthen ˈstreŋθən
verb güçlendirmekto make stronger
supply səˈplaɪ
noun tedarikthe act of providing goods people need
supply chain
noun tedarik zincirlerithe steps for making and delivering goods
supply chains
noun tedarik zincirlerithe steps that get goods from makers to buyers
take teɪk
verb almakto get or pick up something
take back
verb geri almakto get something again that was lost
take back
phrase geri almak — 'take back control' = kontrolü geri almak.to get something again that was lost
take back control
phrase kontrolü geri almakto have power over something again
talk tɔːk
verb konuşmakto say words to someone
talk about
phrase hakkında konuşmakto discuss a subject
ten ten
num onthe number 10
that ðæt
conj ki, -dığınıused to start a reported statement
the ðə
det belirli tanımlıkused before a known or particular thing
them ðem
pron onlarıthose people, as object
thumos ˈθuːmɒs
noun thumos (ruhun cesareti) — Antik Yunanca kavramancient Greek word for a spirited, passionate courage
to tuː
prep -mek/-mak, -eused before a verb or to show direction
Trump
noun ABD Başkanı Donald TrumpDonald Trump, President of the United States
Trump administration
noun Trump yönetimithe government led by President Donald Trump
under ˈʌndə
prep dönemindeduring the rule of
united juːˈnaɪtɪd
adj birleşikjoined together as one
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe country of America
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe country in North America, also called the US
US
noun ABDthe United States of America
value ˈvæljuː
noun değerlerbeliefs about what is right and important
want wɒnt
verb istemekto hope to have or do something
weaken ˈwiːkən
verb zayıflamakto become less strong
Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
noun çarşambathe day after Tuesday
West west
noun Batı (dünyası)Europe and North America as a group of countries
Western ˈwestən
adj Batılıof Europe and North America
Westerner ˈwestənə
noun Batılılara person from Europe or North America
what wɒt
pron şey, nethe thing that
where weə
conj -dığı yer, neredein the place that
will wɪl
verb -ecekused to talk about the future
with wɪð
prep ile, -in önündetogether with or having something
world wɜːld
noun dünyaall the countries and people on Earth
write raɪt
verb yazmakto put words on paper
write the story
phrase hikâyeyi yazmak, belirlemek — Mecazi kullanımto decide how future events will go
writer ˈraɪtə
noun yazara person who writes books or articles
year jɪə
noun yıla period of twelve months

Bu seviyede: Somut ve soyut konulardaki karmaşık metinlerin ana fikrini anlarsın. Anadili İngilizce olan biriyle rahatça, akıcı iletişim kurabilirsin.

Bu metinde: Reported speechDolaylı anlatımPast perfect passiveGeçmiş zaman edilgen yapıParticiple clausesOrtaç yan cümleleriNon-defining relative clausesEk bilgi veren ilgi cümleleri

335 kelime · ortalama cümle 20 kelime · ~3 dk okuma

Rubio Speaks About the Future of the West at the Pnyx in Athens

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio gave a wide-ranging speech at the Pnyx in Athens on Wednesday. Speaking in front of the Acropolis, Rubio used the heritage of ancient Greece to discuss the values, challenges and future of the Western world.

In 480 BC, Xerxes' armies reached the city and set its sacred places on fire. Most Athenians had already been evacuated by ship to a nearby island, but a small group refused to leave their homes. They barricaded themselves on the rocky Acropolis and held off the Persian invaders for days by rolling huge stones down the cliffs. The Persians eventually destroyed the Acropolis, but when the Athenians returned, they buried its broken remains under the hill. Decades later, during the time of Pericles, they built the Parthenon.

Rubio said that Greece is carved into the architecture of American government, and that Philadelphia, where the American constitution was born, is itself a Greek name. Many people are surprised to learn who the most cited author in the Federalist Papers was. It was Plutarch, a Greek who wrote biographies of the great men of Greece and Rome.

Rubio argued that much of the West has forgotten thumos, the ancient Greek word for the fire of passion, strength, courage and pride. According to Rubio, Westerners became ashamed of what made them distinctive, and the word "nationalism" turned into a dirty word. Enemies and rivals were ready to fill the gap that this weakness had created.

Rubio said that the West stands at a crossroads, because the decisions of the next decade will write the story of the coming century. Under the Trump administration, the United States has chosen to defend national power without apology, take back control of critical supply chains and rebuild its defence. Rubio called Greece an exemplary ally and expressed the hope that all of Europe would follow its example. Although passions have sometimes strained the bonds of affection between the United States and Europe, those bonds must not be allowed to break.

Bu metnin sözlüğü (223)

480
num dört yüz seksenthe number 480
a ə
det birone; used before a singular noun
about əˈbaʊt
prep hakkındaon the subject of
according to
phrase -e göreas said by someone
according to
phrase …e göreas said or shown by someone or something
Acropolis
noun Atina'daki antik kale tepesifamous ancient hill and fort in Athens
administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn
noun yönetimthe government of a president and their team
affection əˈfekʃn
noun sevgia feeling of liking someone
all ɔːl
det bütünthe whole number or amount of
allow əˈlaʊ
verb izin vermekto let something happen
ally ˈælaɪ
noun müttefika country that supports another
already ɔːlˈredi
adv zaten, çoktanbefore now or before a certain time
although ɔːlˈðəʊ
conj her ne kadarin spite of the fact that
American əˈmerɪkən
adj Amerikanof the United States
an ən
det bir — Sesli harfle başlayan sözcüklerin önünde kullanılır.one; used before words that start with a vowel sound
ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
adj antikfrom a very long time ago
and ænd
conj veword that joins words or ideas
apology əˈpɒlədʒi
noun özüra statement saying you are sorry
architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
noun mimarithe style and design of buildings
argue ˈɑːɡjuː
verb ileri sürmekto say that something is true, giving reasons
army ˈɑːmi
noun ordua large group of soldiers
ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
adj utanmışfeeling bad about something you did or are
at æt
prep -de, -dain or in the place of
at a crossroads
phrase yol ayrımındaat an important point where a big choice must be made
Athenian əˈθiːniən
noun Atinalıa person from Athens
Athens
noun Yunanistan'ın başkenticapital city of Greece
author ˈɔːθə
noun yazara person who writes books
back bæk
adv gerireturning to a place or earlier state
barricade ˌbærɪˈkeɪd
verb barikat kurmakto block a place to stop enemies entering
BC ˌbiː ˈsiː
noun M.Ö. — 480 BC: M.Ö. 480before the birth of Jesus Christ
be biː
verb olmakto exist or to have a quality
bear bɔːn
verb doğmak; ortaya çıkmak — be born: doğmakto begin to exist
because bɪˈkɒz
conj çünküfor the reason that
become bɪˈkʌm
verb olmakto start to be
between bɪˈtwiːn
prep arasındain the space or link connecting two things
biography baɪˈɒɡrəfi
noun biyografithe story of a person's life
bond bɒnd
noun bağa close connection between people or countries
break breɪk
verb kopmak, bozulmakto end or fall apart
broken ˈbrəʊkən
adj kırıkdamaged and in pieces
build bɪld
verb inşa etmekto make a building
bury ˈberi
verb gömmekto put something under the ground
but bʌt
conj amaword showing a contrast
by baɪ
prep ile (araç)using a particular way of travel
call kɔːl
verb nitelendirmekto describe someone as something
carve kɑːv
verb oymak, kazımakto cut shapes into a hard material
century ˈsentʃəri
noun yüzyıla period of 100 years
chains tʃeɪnz
noun zincirlerconnected series of steps or businesses in a process
challenge ˈtʃælɪndʒ
noun zorluka difficult problem that tests you
choose tʃuːz
verb seçmekto pick from several options
cited ˈsaɪtɪd
adj alıntı yapılanmentioned as an example or source
city ˈsɪti
noun şehira large and important town
cliff klɪf
noun uçuruma high steep rock face
coming ˈkʌmɪŋ
adj gelecek olanabout to happen; next
constitution ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən
noun anayasathe basic laws of a country
control kənˈtrəʊl
noun kontrolthe power to direct something
courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
noun cesaretability to face danger without fear
create kriˈeɪt
verb yaratmakto make something new exist
critical ˈkrɪtɪkl
adj kritik, hayatiextremely important
crossroads ˈkrɒsrəʊdz
noun yol ayrımıa place where two roads meet; a key decision point
day deɪ
noun güna period of 24 hours
decade ˈdekeɪd
noun on yıla period of ten years
decade ˈdekeɪd
noun on yıla period of ten years
decision dɪˈsɪʒn
noun karara choice you make after thinking
defence dɪˈfens
noun savunmamilitary protection of a country
defend dɪˈfend
verb savunmakto protect from attack or criticism
destroy dɪˈstrɔɪ
verb yıkmakto damage something so badly it no longer exists
dirty ˈdɜːti
adj kirli, ayıplanannot clean; considered shameful
dirty word
phrase ayıplanan kelimea word people think is bad or shameful
discuss dɪˈskʌs
verb tartışmak, ele almakto talk about something in detail
distinctive dɪˈstɪŋktɪv
adj kendine özgüclearly different from others
down daʊn
prep aşağıfrom a higher to a lower place
during ˈdjʊərɪŋ
prep süresinceat some point within a period of time
enemy ˈenəmi
noun düşmana person or country that opposes you
Europe
noun Avrupathe continent that includes Greece and France
Europe's
noun Avrupa'nınbelonging to Europe
evacuate ɪˈvækjueɪt
verb tahliye etmekto move people away from danger
eventually ɪˈventʃuəli
adv sonundaafter a long time
example ɪɡˈzɑːmpl
noun örneksomething to copy as a model
exemplary ɪɡˈzempləri
adj örnek teşkil edenvery good; a model for others
express ɪkˈspres
verb dile getirmekto show a feeling or idea in words
federalist ˈfedərəlɪst
adj federalistsupporting a system where states share power with a central government
Federalist Papers
noun Federalist Yazılarıessays from the 1780s supporting the US constitution
Federalist Papers
noun Federalist Yazılarıfamous 18th-century essays supporting the American constitution
fill fɪl
verb doldurmakto make a space full
fill the gap
phrase boşluğu doldurmakto take the place of something missing
fire ˈfaɪə
noun ateş (tutku)strong feeling, like a burning inside
follow ˈfɒləʊ
verb izlemek, uymakto do the same as someone else
for fɔː
prep boyuncaduring a period of time
forget fəˈɡet
verb unutmakto not remember
front frʌnt
noun önthe side that faces forward
future ˈfjuːtʃə
noun gelecekthe time that will come after now
gap ɡæp
noun boşlukan empty space or missing part
give ɡɪv
verb yapmak (konuşma) — give a speech: konuşma yapmakto deliver a speech or talk
government ˈɡʌvənmənt
noun hükümetthe group of people who rule a country
great ɡreɪt
adj büyük, ünlüvery important or famous
Greece
noun Yunanistancountry in southern Europe
Greek ɡriːk
adj Yunanfrom Greece
group ɡruːp
noun grupa number of people together
have hæv
verb sahip olmak; yardımcı fiil — had + V3: geçmişte tamamlanmışused with a past participle to form perfect tenses
held held
verb tuttu — hold fiilinin geçmiş hâli.past of hold; kept something in place
heritage ˈherɪtɪdʒ
noun mirastraditions and culture from the past
hill hɪl
noun tepea high area of land, smaller than a mountain
hold off
phrase püskürtmek, geri tutmakto stop an enemy from attacking successfully
hold off
phrase geri püskürtmekto stop an enemy from attacking successfully
home həʊm
noun evthe place where you live
hope həʊp
noun umuta wish that something will happen
huge hjuːdʒ
adj dev gibiextremely large
in ɪn
prep -de, -dainside a place or period of time
in front of
phrase önündefacing something; before it
in front of
prep önündefacing something, at its front side
into ˈɪntuː
prep içineto the inside of
invader ɪnˈveɪdə
noun istilacısomeone who enters a country to take it by force
island ˈaɪlənd
noun adaland with water all around it
it ɪt
pron othe thing already mentioned
its ɪts
det onun (nesne için)belonging to it
itself ɪtˈself
pron kendisithat same thing; used for emphasis
later ˈleɪtə
adv sonraafter some time
learn lɜːn
verb öğrenmekto find out or get knowledge
leave liːv
verb terk etmekto go away from a place
make meɪk
verb yapmak, kılmakto cause something to be a certain way
man mæn
noun erkekan adult male person
many ˈmeni
det birçoka large number of
Marco
noun Marco Rubio'nun adıFirst name of Marco Rubio
most məʊst
det çoğuthe largest part or number of
much mʌtʃ
pron büyük kısmıa large amount
must mʌst
verb -meliused to say something is necessary
name neɪm
noun isimthe word someone or something is called
national ˈnæʃnəl
adj ulusalof a whole country
nationalism ˈnæʃənəlɪzəm
noun milliyetçilikstrong love for and pride in your nation
nearby ˌnɪəˈbaɪ
adj yakındakinot far away
next nekst
adj gelecek, sonrakicoming after this one
not nɒt
adv değilword used to make a verb negative
of ɒv
prep -in, -ınbelonging to or connected with
off ɒf
adv uzaktaaway; used to keep something from coming near
on ɒn
prep -de, -da (gün)at a particular day
papers ˈpeɪpəz
noun yazılarwritten essays or documents
Parthenon
noun Akropolis'teki antik tapınakfamous ancient temple on the Acropolis
passion ˈpæʃən
noun tutkua very strong feeling
people ˈpiːpl
noun insanlarmen, women and children
Pericles
noun antik Atina'nın ünlü liderifamous leader of ancient Athens
Persian ˈpɜːʃən
adj Persfrom ancient Persia (now Iran)
Philadelphia
noun ABD'de bir şehirUS city where the constitution was written
place pleɪs
noun yera particular area or building
Plutarch
noun antik Yunan yazarancient Greek writer of biographies
Pnyx
noun Atina'daki antik toplantı tepesihill in Athens where ancient citizens held public meetings
power ˈpaʊə
noun güçstrength and influence
pride praɪd
noun gurura feeling of satisfaction in yourself or your country
ranging ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
verb kapsayancovering many different subjects or things
reach riːtʃ
verb ulaşmakto arrive at a place
ready ˈredi
adj hazırprepared to do something
rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
verb yeniden inşa etmekto make strong again
refuse rɪˈfjuːz
verb reddetmekto say you will not do something
remains rɪˈmeɪnz
noun kalıntılarthe parts left after something is destroyed
return rɪˈtɜːn
verb geri dönmekto come back to a place
rival ˈraɪvl
noun rakipsomeone competing with you
rocky ˈrɒki
adj kayalıkcovered with rocks
roll rəʊl
verb yuvarlamakto move something by turning it over and over
Rome
noun Romacapital of Italy and ancient empire
Rubio
noun Marco Rubio, ABD Dışişleri BakanıUS politician who is Secretary of State
sacred ˈseɪkrɪd
adj kutsalvery holy; connected with religion
say seɪ
verb söylemekto tell something using words
secretary ˈsekrətri
noun bakana senior government minister
Secretary of State
noun Dışişleri BakanıUS government minister in charge of foreign affairs
Secretary of State
noun ABD Dışişleri Bakanıthe US government minister in charge of foreign affairs
set on fire
phrase ateşe vermek — set → set (düzensiz fiil)to make something start burning
ship ʃɪp
noun gemia large boat
small smɔːl
adj küçüknot large
sometimes ˈsʌmtaɪmz
adv bazenon some occasions
speak spiːk
verb konuşmakto talk to people, often formally
speech spiːtʃ
noun konuşmaa formal talk given to an audience
stand stænd
verb durmakto be in a particular position or situation
state steɪt
noun devleta country or its government
states steɪts
noun devletler, eyaletlercountries or regions that form one nation
stone stəʊn
noun taşa hard piece of rock
story ˈstɔːri
noun hikâyean account of events
strain streɪn
verb germek, zorlamakto make a relationship less friendly
strength streŋθ
noun güçthe quality of being strong
supply səˈplaɪ
noun tedarikthe act of providing goods people need
supply chain
noun tedarik zincirithe system that makes and delivers goods
supply chains
noun tedarik zincirlerithe steps and groups that make and deliver goods
surprised səˈpraɪzd
adj şaşırmışfeeling that something is unexpected
take back
phrase geri almak — take back control: kontrolü geri almakto get something again that was lost
take back
phrase geri almakto get something again that was lost or given away
that ðæt
conj ki, -dığınıword that introduces a clause
the ðə
det belirli tanımlıkword used before a specific or known thing
their ðeə
det onlarınbelonging to them
them ðem
pron onlarıthose people, as object
themselves ðəmˈselvz
pron kendilerinithose same people, as object
they ðeɪ
pron onlarthose people or things
this ðɪs
det buthe one just mentioned
those ðəʊz
pron şunlar, oplural of that; the things already mentioned
thumos
noun thumos (ruhsal ateş)Greek word for spirited passion and courage
time taɪm
noun dönema period in history
to tuː
prep -mek, -mak; -eword used before a verb or to show direction
Trump
noun Donald Trump, ABD BaşkanıUS president Donald Trump
turn into
phrase dönüşmekto become something different
turn into
phrase …e dönüşmekto become something different
turned tɜːnd
verb dönüştübecame something different
under ˈʌndə
prep altındabelow something
united juːˈnaɪtɪd
adj birleşikjoined together as one
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlericountry in North America
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe large country in North America
US
adj ABD'ye aitof the United States
use juːz
verb kullanmakto take something to help do something
value ˈvæljuː
noun değerlerbeliefs about what is important in life
weakness ˈwiːknəs
noun zayıflıklack of strength
Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
noun çarşambathe day after Tuesday
West west
noun Batı (dünyası)Europe and North America as a group of countries
Westerner ˈwestənə
noun Batılıa person from Europe or North America
what wɒt
pron ne, şeythe thing that
when wen
conj -dığındaat the time that
where weə
conj -dığı yerin which place
who huː
pron kimwhich person
wide waɪd
adj genişcovering a large range
wide-ranging ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
adj geniş kapsamlıcovering many different subjects
wide-ranging
adj kapsamlıcovering many different subjects
will wɪl
verb -ecekused to talk about the future
without wɪðˈaʊt
prep -sız, olmadannot having or showing
word wɜːd
noun kelimea unit of language with a meaning
world wɜːld
noun dünyaall countries and people on Earth
would wʊd
verb -ecekti (dolaylı gelecek)used for a future idea in reported speech
write raɪt
verb yazmakto put words on paper
Xerxes
noun Pers Kralı I. Kserksesancient king of Persia who invaded Greece
C1

Bu seviyede: Uzun ve zor metinleri anlar, örtük anlamları fark edersin. Dili sosyal, akademik ve iş hayatında esnek ve etkili kullanırsın.

Bu metinde: Concessive clausesKarşıtlık (ödün) tümceleriReporting structuresAktarma yapılarıPassive constructionsEdilgen yapılarParticipial clausesOrtaç tümceleriNominal wh-clausesAd işlevli wh- tümceleri

436 kelime · ortalama cümle 27 kelime · ~3 dk okuma

Rubio Invokes Ancient Greece in Athens Speech on the Future of the West

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio delivered a wide-ranging speech at the Pnyx in Athens on Wednesday, drawing on ancient Greek heritage to reflect on the values, challenges and future of the West.

He recalled that in 480 BC the armies of Xerxes reached Athens and set its sacred sites ablaze, by which time most Athenians had been evacuated by ship to a nearby island. A small group, however, refused to leave their homes and barricaded themselves on the Acropolis. By rolling giant stones down the cliffs, they repelled the Persian invaders and kept the greatest empire of the age at bay for days. Although the Persians ultimately prevailed and razed the Acropolis, the returning Athenians buried its broken remains beneath the hill, and decades later, under Pericles, they built the Parthenon.

Rubio, a descendant of settlers who emigrated from Spain to the New World, said he stood there to bear witness to a debt that neither time nor distance could erase. Greece is, quite literally, etched into the architecture of the American government, he noted, and Philadelphia, the city where the Constitution was born, itself bears a Greek name.

In his view, what the West owes this place goes far deeper than democracy, philosophy or the vocabulary of politics. Those institutions and ideas, he argued, expressed more fundamental traits: relentless individualism, boundless ambition, bold discovery and an insatiable curiosity about the world. Pursuit of excellence, he said, was the guiding principle of Greek existence, and thumos, the fire of passion, strength, courage and pride, is the heart of a great civilisation.

Rubio contended that much of the West has forgotten this quality, growing ashamed of what sets it apart and letting "nationalism" become a dirty word. Borders were opened, industry was moved abroad and armed forces were allowed to decay, he said, and others were all too ready to fill the void created by that weakness. He warned that the coming decade and the decisions taken in it will write the story of the next century: the West must either act now or lose the right to choose.

Under the Trump administration, he said, the United States has chosen to defend national power without apology, by regaining control of critical supply chains, reindustrialising its economy and rebuilding its defence. He also hailed Greece as an exemplary ally and an indispensable friend of both Europe and the United States on energy, migration and defence, and hoped all of Europe would follow its example. Although passions have at times strained the ties of affection between America and Europe, he said, they must not be allowed to snap.

Bu metnin sözlüğü (277)

480 BC
phrase M.Ö. 480The year 480 before the birth of Christ
a ə
det birOne; used before a singular noun
about əˈbaʊt
prep hakkındaOn the subject of
abroad əˈbrɔːd
adv yurt dışınaIn or to another country
Acropolis
noun Atina'nın kutsal kalesi tepesiThe rocky hill above Athens with ancient temples
act ækt
verb harekete geçmekTo do something
affection əˈfekʃən
noun sevgi, yakınlıkA feeling of liking and care
age eɪdʒ
noun çağ, dönemA period of history
all ɔːl
pron tümüThe whole of a group
all too
phrase fazlasıylamuch more than is good or wanted
all too ready
phrase fazlasıyla istekliVery willing, in a way that is bad
allow əˈlaʊ
verb izin vermekTo let something happen
ally ˈælaɪ
noun müttefikA country that helps another
also ˈɔːlsəʊ
adv ayrıcaIn addition
although ɔːlˈðəʊ
conj her ne kadarDespite the fact that
ambition æmˈbɪʃən
noun hırs, hedefA strong wish to succeed or achieve
America
noun Amerika (ABD)The United States
American əˈmerɪkən
adj AmerikanRelating to the United States
an æn
det birthe form of 'a' used before a vowel sound
ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
adj antik, eskiFrom a very long time ago
and ænd
conj veUsed to join words or ideas
and ænd
conj veUsed to join words or ideas
and ænd
conj veUsed to join words or ideas
apart əˈpɑːt
adv farklı, ayrı — 'sets apart' = ayırt etmek, farklı kılmakdifferent from others; separate in character or position
apology əˈpɒlədʒi
noun özürA statement saying you are sorry
architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
noun mimari, yapıThe style or design of buildings and structures
argue ˈɑːɡjuː
verb savunmak, ileri sürmekTo give reasons to support a view
armed ɑːmd
adj silahlı — 'armed forces' = silahlı kuvvetlercarrying or using weapons; connected with the military
armed forces
noun silahlı kuvvetlerA country's army, navy and air force
armed forces
noun silahlı kuvvetlera country's army, navy and air force
army ˈɑːmi
noun orduA large organised group of soldiers
ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
adj utanmışFeeling guilty or embarrassed
at æt
prep -de, -daIn or in the place of
at bay
phrase uzak tutarak — 'keep at bay' = uzak tutmakkept away and unable to attack or harm
at times
phrase zaman zamanSometimes
Athenians
noun AtinalılarPeople who live in or come from Athens
Athens
noun AtinaThe capital city of Greece
barricade ˌbærɪˈkeɪd
verb barikat kurup kapanmakTo block a place with objects to defend it
bay beɪ
noun uzak tutma — 'keep at bay' kalıbında kullanılıra position where something is kept away from you
bc ˌbiː ˈsiː
adv Milattan Önce — 'before Christ' kısaltmasıused for years before the birth of Christ
be biː
verb olmakTo exist or to be in a state; also forms passives
bear beə
verb taşımakTo have a name or mark
bear witness
phrase tanıklık etmekTo show or state that something is true
bear witness
phrase tanıklık etmekto show or give proof that something is true
become bɪˈkʌm
verb olmakTo start to be
beneath bɪˈniːθ
prep altındaUnder something
between bɪˈtwiːn
prep arasındaIn the space or link connecting two
bold bəʊld
adj cesurBrave and willing to take risks
border ˈbɔːdə
noun sınırThe line between two countries
born bɔːn
adj doğmuş, ortaya çıkmışBrought into existence
both bəʊθ
det her ikisiThe two together
boundless ˈbaʊndləs
adj sınırsızWithout any limit
broken ˈbrəʊkən
adj kırık, yıkıkDamaged and in pieces
build bɪld
verb inşa etmekTo make something by putting parts together
bury ˈberi
verb gömmekTo put something under the ground
by baɪ
prep -erek; tarafındanThrough the action of; using the method of
by which time
phrase o zamana kadarBefore or at the moment just mentioned
century ˈsentʃəri
noun yüzyılA period of one hundred years
chains tʃeɪnz
noun zincirler — 'supply chains' = tedarik zincirleriseries of linked steps or businesses that make and deliver goods
challenge ˈtʃælɪndʒ
noun zorluk, sorunA difficult problem that tests you
choose tʃuːz
verb seçmekTo pick from a number of things
city ˈsɪti
noun şehirA large and important town
civilisation ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən
noun medeniyetA society with an advanced culture
cliff klɪf
noun uçurumA steep rock face, often by the sea
coming ˈkʌmɪŋ
adj önümüzdekiHappening soon in the future
Constitution ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən
noun anayasaThe basic laws of a country
contend kənˈtend
verb iddia etmekTo state firmly that something is true
control kənˈtrəʊl
noun kontrolPower to direct something
could kʊd
verb -ebilirdiPast form of can; was able to
courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
noun cesaretAbility to face danger without fear
create kriˈeɪt
verb yaratmakTo make something exist
critical ˈkrɪtɪkl
adj kritik, hayatiExtremely important
curiosity ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti
noun merakA strong wish to learn or know
day deɪ
noun günA period of twenty-four hours
debt det
noun borç, minnetSomething owed to someone, such as thanks
decade ˈdekeɪd
noun on yılA period of ten years
decay dɪˈkeɪ
verb çürümek, zayıflamakTo slowly become weaker or worse
decision dɪˈsɪʒən
noun kararA choice that you make
deep diːp
adj daha derinHaving great depth or strong meaning
defence dɪˈfens
noun savunmaProtection of a country from attack
defend dɪˈfend
verb savunmakTo protect from attack or harm
deliver dɪˈlɪvə
verb sunmak, vermekTo give a speech or talk
democracy dɪˈmɒkrəsi
noun demokrasiGovernment by the people through voting
descendant dɪˈsendənt
noun torun, soyundan gelenA person whose family lived in the past
dirty ˈdɜːti
adj kirli, ayıplanan — 'dirty word' = olumsuz çağrışımlı sözcükconsidered shameful or unacceptable
dirty word
phrase ayıp/olumsuz sayılan sözA word people consider shameful or unacceptable
dirty word
noun ayıplanan sözcüka word people see as shameful or negative
discovery dɪˈskʌvəri
noun keşifFinding something new
distance ˈdɪstəns
noun mesafeThe space between two places
down daʊn
prep aşağıFrom a higher to a lower place
draw on
phrase yararlanmakTo use something as a source of ideas or support
drawing ˈdrɔːɪŋ
verb yararlanarak — 'drawing on' = -dan yararlanmakusing something as a source of ideas or information
drawing on
phrase -den yararlanarakusing something as a source of ideas
economy ɪˈkɒnəmi
noun ekonomiA country's system of money and trade
either … or
phrase ya … ya daUsed to give two choices
emigrate ˈemɪɡreɪt
verb göç etmekTo leave your country to live in another
empire ˈempaɪə
noun imparatorlukMany lands ruled by one government or ruler
energy ˈenədʒi
noun enerjiPower such as gas, oil or electricity
erase ɪˈreɪz
verb silmek, yok etmekTo remove completely
etch etʃ
verb kazımak, işlemekTo cut a design deeply into a surface
Europe
noun AvrupaThe continent that includes Greece and Spain
evacuate ɪˈvækjueɪt
verb tahliye etmekTo move people away from a place of danger
example ɪɡˈzɑːmpl
noun örnekSomething that shows how to act
excellence ˈeksələns
noun mükemmellikThe quality of being extremely good
exemplary ɪɡˈzempləri
adj örnek teşkil edenVery good and worth copying
existence ɪɡˈzɪstəns
noun yaşam, varoluşThe state of being alive or real
express ɪkˈspres
verb ifade etmekTo show a feeling or idea
far fɑː
adv çok dahaBy a great amount
fill the void
phrase boşluğu doldurmakTo take the place of something missing
fire ˈfaɪə
noun ateş, tutkuStrong feeling or energy
follow ˈfɒləʊ
verb izlemekTo copy or do the same as
for fɔː
prep boyuncaUsed to show how long something lasts
forces ˈfɔːsɪz
noun güçler, ordugroups of soldiers or military units
forget fəˈɡet
verb unutmakTo stop remembering
friend frend
noun dostA person or country you trust and support
from frɒm
prep -denStarting at a place
fundamental ˌfʌndəˈmentl
adj temelBasic and most important
future ˈfjuːtʃə
noun gelecekThe time that will come after now
giant ˈdʒaɪənt
adj devasaExtremely large
go ɡəʊ
verb uzanmak, varmakTo extend or reach a certain level
government ˈɡʌvənmənt
noun hükümetThe group of people who rule a country
great ɡreɪt
adj en büyükVery large or powerful (greatest: most)
Greece
noun YunanistanA country in southeast Europe
Greek griːk
adj YunanRelating to Greece or its people
group ɡruːp
noun grupA number of people together
grow ɡrəʊ
verb olmak, gitgide ... — growing ashamed = utanır hale gelmekTo gradually become something
guiding principle
noun yol gösterici ilkeA basic rule that directs how people act
hail heɪl
verb övmekTo praise someone publicly
have hæv
verb sahip olmak; (yardımcı fiil)To own; also used to form perfect tenses
he hiː
pron o (erkek)The male person already mentioned
heart hɑːt
noun öz, merkezThe most important part of something
heritage ˈherɪtɪdʒ
noun mirasTraditions and culture passed down from the past
hill hɪl
noun tepeA raised area of land, lower than a mountain
home həʊm
noun ev, yurtThe place where someone lives
hope həʊp
verb ummakTo want and expect something good
however haʊˈevə
adv ancakUsed to add a contrasting point
idea aɪˈdɪə
noun fikirA thought or plan
in ɪn
prep -de, içindeInside a place or period of time
indispensable ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl
adj vazgeçilmezSo important that you cannot do without it
individualism ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlɪzəm
noun bireycilikBelief in the freedom of each person
industry ˈɪndəstri
noun sanayiFactories and the making of goods
insatiable ɪnˈseɪʃəbl
adj doymak bilmezNever satisfied; always wanting more
institution ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən
noun kurumAn important organisation or system in society
into ˈɪntuː
prep içineTowards the inside of something
invader ɪnˈveɪdə
noun istilacıSomeone who enters a country by force
invokes ɪnˈvəʊks
verb anar, başvururmentions or uses something as support or inspiration
island ˈaɪlənd
noun adaLand completely surrounded by water
it ɪt
pron oA thing already mentioned
its ɪts
det onunBelonging to a thing already mentioned
itself ɪtˈself
pron kendisiUsed to stress the thing mentioned
keep at bay
phrase uzak tutmakTo stop an enemy or danger from coming close
later ˈleɪtə
adv sonraAfter the time already mentioned
leave liːv
verb terk etmekTo go away from a place
let let
verb izin vermekTo allow something to happen
lose luːz
verb kaybetmekTo no longer have something
marco
noun Marco Rubio'nun adıfirst name of the US Secretary of State Rubio
Marco Rubio
noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıThe US Secretary of State
migration maɪˈɡreɪʃən
noun göçMovement of people from one country to another
more mɔː
adv dahaTo a greater degree
most məʊst
det çoğuNearly all of a group
move muːv
verb taşımakTo take something to a different place
much mʌtʃ
pron büyük bölümüA large part of something
must mʌst
verb -meliUsed to say something is necessary
name neɪm
noun isimThe word by which something is called
national ˈnæʃnəl
adj ulusalRelating to a whole nation
nationalism ˈnæʃnəlɪzəm
noun milliyetçilikStrong love of and loyalty to your nation
nearby ˌnɪəˈbaɪ
adj yakındakiNot far away
neither … nor
phrase ne … ne deUsed to say that two things are both not true
new njuː
adj yeni — 'New World' = Amerika kıtalarırecently discovered or made; not known before
next nekst
adj gelecek, bir sonrakiComing after this one
not nɒt
adv değilUsed to make a verb negative
note nəʊt
verb belirtmekTo mention something
now naʊ
adv şimdiAt this moment
of ɒv
prep -nin, -inBelonging to or connected with
on ɒn
prep -de (günü)Used with a day or date
open ˈəʊpən
verb açmakTo make something not closed
others ˈʌðəz
pron başkalarıOther people or countries
owe əʊ
verb borçlu olmakTo have a debt of thanks or money
Parthenon
noun Akropolis'teki ünlü tapınakThe famous ancient temple on the Acropolis
passion ˈpæʃən
noun tutku, duygularA very strong feeling
Pericles
noun Atinalı devlet adamıFamous Athenian leader of the fifth century BC
Persian
adj PersRelating to ancient Persia or its people
Philadelphia
noun ABD'de Pennsylvania'da bir şehirA US city where the Constitution was written
philosophy fɪˈlɒsəfi
noun felsefeThe study of ideas about life and knowledge
place pleɪs
noun yerA particular location
Pnyx
noun Atina'daki antik toplantı tepesiThe hill in Athens where citizens met in ancient times
politics ˈpɒlətɪks
noun siyasetActivities of government and public affairs
power ˈpaʊə
noun güçStrength and influence of a country
prevail prɪˈveɪl
verb galip gelmekTo win a struggle
pride praɪd
noun gururA feeling of satisfaction in yourself or your group
pursuit pəˈsjuːt
noun arayış, peşinde koşmaThe act of trying to achieve something
quality ˈkwɒləti
noun nitelik, özellikA feature or characteristic
quite literally
phrase kelimenin tam anlamıylaIn the exact, real sense of the words
ranging ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
adj geniş kapsamlı — 'wide-ranging' bileşik sıfatcovering many different subjects
raze reɪz
verb yerle bir etmekTo destroy a place completely
reach riːtʃ
verb ulaşmakTo arrive at a place
ready ˈredi
adj hazır, istekliWilling or prepared to do something
rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
verb yeniden inşa etmekTo build something again
recall rɪˈkɔːl
verb hatırlatmak, anmakTo bring a past event back to mind
reflect on
phrase düşünmek, değerlendirmekTo think carefully about something
refuse rɪˈfjuːz
verb reddetmekTo say you will not do something
regain rɪˈɡeɪn
verb geri kazanmakTo get something back
reindustrialise ˌriːɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪz
verb yeniden sanayileştirmekTo build up factories and industry again
relentless rɪˈlentləs
adj amansız, yılmazNever stopping or becoming weaker
remains rɪˈmeɪnz
noun kalıntılarThe parts left after something is destroyed
repel rɪˈpel
verb püskürtmekTo force an enemy to go back
return rɪˈtɜːn
verb geri dönenTo come back to a place
right raɪt
noun hakA freedom or claim you are allowed to have
roll rəʊl
verb yuvarlamakTo push something so it turns over and over
sacred ˈseɪkrɪd
adj kutsalHoly and deserving great respect
say seɪ
verb söylemekTo express something in words
secretary ˈsekrətri
noun bakanA senior government minister in charge of a department
secretary of state
noun dışişleri bakanı — ABD'de dışişleri bakanıThe US government minister in charge of foreign affairs
set ablaze
phrase ateşe vermekTo make something start burning
set apart
phrase farklı kılmakTo make something different from others
set apart
phrase farklı kılmakto make someone or something different from others
settler ˈsetlə
noun yerleşimciA person who moves to live in a new land
ship ʃɪp
noun gemiA large boat for carrying people or goods
site saɪt
noun yer, mekânA place where something important is or was
small smɔːl
adj küçükNot large in size or number
snap snæp
verb kopmakTo break suddenly
Spain
noun İspanyaA country in southwest Europe
speech spiːtʃ
noun konuşmaA formal talk given to an audience
stand stænd
verb ayakta durmakTo be on your feet in a place
state steɪt
noun devletA country or its government
stone stəʊn
noun taşA piece of rock
strain streɪn
verb germek, zorlamakTo make a relationship less easy or friendly
strength streŋθ
noun güçThe quality of being strong
supply səˈplaɪ
noun tedarikthe providing of goods or materials people need
supply chain
noun tedarik zinciriThe network that makes and delivers goods
supply chains
noun tedarik zincirlerinetworks that move goods from makers to buyers
take a decision
phrase karar almak — İngiliz İngilizcesi; ABD'de make a decisionTo make a choice
than ðæn
conj -den dahaUsed to compare two things
that ðæt
conj ki, -diğiniUsed to introduce a statement
the ðə
det belirli tanımlıkUsed before a specific or known thing
the ðiː
det belirli tanımlıkUsed before a specific or known thing
the New World
noun Yeni Dünya (Amerika)North and South America, as named by Europeans
the West
noun Batı (dünyası)Europe and North America and their shared culture
their ðeə
det onlarınBelonging to them
themselves ðəmˈselvz
pron kendileriniThose same people, as the object of the action
there ðeə
adv oradaIn that place
they ðeɪ
pron onlarThe people or things already mentioned
this ðɪs
det buThe thing or person near or just mentioned
those ðəʊz
det şu, oThe ones already mentioned
thumos ˈθuːmɒs
noun thumos (ruhsal ateş) — Antik YunancaGreek word for spirited passion and courage
tie taɪ
noun bağlarA connection between people or countries
time taɪm
noun zamanA point or period when something happens
to tuː
prep -mek, -eUsed before a verb or to show direction
too tuː
adv fazlasıyla — 'all too ready' = fazlasıyla hazırmore than is needed or wanted
trait treɪt
noun özellikA particular quality of character
Trump administration
noun Trump yönetimiThe US government led by President Donald Trump
ultimately ˈʌltɪmətli
adv sonundaIn the end, after everything
under ˈʌndə
prep dönemindeDuring the rule of
united juˈnaɪtɪd
adj birleşik — 'United States' = Amerika Birleşik Devletlerijoined together as one country or group
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe country in North America also called the US
US
noun ABDThe United States of America
value ˈvæljuː
noun değerlerBeliefs about what is important and right
view vjuː
noun görüşA personal opinion
vocabulary vəˈkæbjələri
noun sözcük dağarcığıThe words used in a subject or language
warn wɔːn
verb uyarmakTo tell someone about possible danger
weakness ˈwiːknəs
noun zayıflıkLack of strength or power
Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
noun çarşambaThe day after Tuesday
what wɒt
pron ne, -diği şeyThe thing that
where weə
conj -diği yerIn which place
which wɪtʃ
pron ki oUsed to refer to a thing already mentioned
who huː
pron ki oUsed to refer to people already mentioned
wide waɪd
adj genişcovering a large range of things
wide-ranging ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
adj geniş kapsamlıCovering many different subjects
wide-ranging
adj geniş kapsamlıcovering many different subjects or areas
will wɪl
verb -ecek (gelecek)used to say what is going to happen
without wɪˈðaʊt
prep -sizNot having something
witness ˈwɪtnəs
noun tanıklık — 'bear witness' = tanıklık etmekthe act of seeing and telling the truth about something
word wɜːd
noun sözcük, kelimea single unit of language with meaning
world wɜːld
noun dünyaThe earth and everything in it
would wʊd
verb -ecektiused to talk about a possible or imagined future
write the story
phrase hikâyeyi belirlemek — Mecazi kullanımTo decide how a period of history unfolds
Xerxes
noun Pers kralı I. KserksesKing of Persia who invaded Greece in 480 BC

Bu seviyede: Duyduğun ve okuduğun hemen her şeyi kolayca anlarsın. Karmaşık durumlarda bile ince anlam farklarını ifade edebilirsin.

Bu metinde: Participial clausesOrtaç yan cümleleriReporting structuresAktarma yapılarıConcessive clausesKarşıtlık yan cümleleri

577 kelime · ortalama cümle 29 kelime · ~3 dk okuma

Rubio at the Pnyx: Reviving the Fire of the West

Speaking on Wednesday at the Pnyx in Athens, with the Acropolis looming behind him, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio delivered a wide-ranging address on the values, trials and future of the West. Drawing on the legacy of ancient Greece, he spoke of the historical foundations of Western civilisation, national attachment, freedom and the importance of a strong transatlantic alliance.

He recalled that in 480 BC the armies of Xerxes reached the city and set its sacred places ablaze. Most Athenians had by then been evacuated by ship to a nearby island, but a small band refused to abandon their homes and barricaded themselves on the Acropolis, rolling huge boulders down the cliffs to hold the invaders at bay for days. The Persians eventually prevailed and razed the Acropolis, yet when the Athenians returned, they gathered its broken remains and buried them beneath the hill, and decades later, under Pericles, they built the Parthenon.

Rubio said that the debt America and the West owe to Greece runs far deeper than institutions. He noted that Greece is etched into the architecture of American government, that Philadelphia is itself a Greek name, and that the most-cited author in the Federalist Papers was Plutarch. In his telling, democracy, philosophy and the very vocabulary of politics were born here, but they were expressions of more fundamental traits: relentless individualism, boundless ambition, daring exploration and an insatiable curiosity about the world. Equally, he argued, the Greeks bequeathed the conviction that the unknown can be known, a belief on which Western mathematics, science and medicine rest.

The Greeks, he said, treated the pursuit of excellence as the guiding principle of human existence, building civic life on competition in everything from poetry to war. Today, by contrast, many ideologies aspire to a world of perfect safety without risk or failure, and we build downward, caring more about the comfort of the worst than the potential of the best. Those who built the Parthenon built upward. Thumos, the fire of passion, strength, courage and pride, is the heart of a great civilisation, and without it nations lose the will to fight and survive. Much of the West, he said, has forgotten this quality, grown ashamed of what sets it apart, and come to treat prosperity as a source of guilt.

Rubio claimed that the West now stands at a crossroads, since the coming decade and the decisions taken in it will write the story of the next century. Under the Trump administration, he said, the United States has chosen to defend national strength unapologetically: reclaiming control of critical supply chains, reindustrialising the economy, rebuilding defence and competing for dominance in the technologies of the future. He added that the Greeks knew nations have interests and that statecraft demands foresight and diplomacy, but also the capacity to use force once those fail.

Rubio expressed his belief that Europe can wake from its long slumber and rekindle the fire lit here millennia ago, pointing to rising defence spending, new partnerships and expanding manufacturing after last year's historic commitments in The Hague. He praised Greece as an exemplary ally and an indispensable friend on energy, migration and defence, and hoped all of Europe would follow its example. Although passions have at times strained the bonds between the United States and Europe, he insisted those bonds must not be allowed to break, and that together they must strengthen an alliance able to withstand the threats of our age.

Bu metnin sözlüğü (363)

480 BC
noun MÖ 480Year 480 before Christ
a ə
det birOne; used before a singular noun
abandon əˈbændən
verb terk etmekTo leave and not return
ablaze əˈbleɪz
adj alevler içindeBurning strongly
able ˈeɪbəl
adj -ebilenHaving the power to do something
about əˈbaʊt
prep hakkındaOn the subject of
Acropolis
noun AkropolisAncient fortified hill above Athens with temples
add æd
verb eklemekTo say something more
address əˈdres
noun hitabe, konuşmaA formal speech
administration ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən
noun yönetim, hükümetA government in power
after ˈɑːftə
prep sonrasındaFollowing in time
age eɪdʒ
noun çağA period of history
ago əˈɡəʊ
adv önceIn the past, counting back from now
all ɔːl
det tümEvery one of
alliance əˈlaɪəns
noun ittifakA formal agreement between allies
allow əˈlaʊ
verb izin vermekTo let happen
ally ˈælaɪ
noun müttefikA country that supports another
also ˈɔːlsəʊ
adv ayrıcaIn addition
although ɔːlˈðəʊ
conj -e rağmenIn spite of the fact that
ambition æmˈbɪʃən
noun hırs, azimStrong wish to achieve great things
America
noun AmerikaThe United States
American əˈmerɪkən
adj AmerikanOf the United States
an æn
det birthe form of 'a' used before a vowel sound
ancient ˈeɪnʃənt
adj antik, eskiVery old; from long ago
and ænd
conj veUsed to join words or ideas
apart əˈpɑːt
adv ayrıSeparate
architecture ˈɑːkɪtektʃə
noun mimari, yapıThe design and style of buildings; structure
argue ˈɑːɡjuː
verb ileri sürmekTo state a view with reasons
army ˈɑːmi
noun ordularLarge groups of soldiers
as æz
prep olarakIn the role or form of
ashamed əˈʃeɪmd
adj utanmışFeeling guilty or embarrassed
aspire əˈspaɪə
verb özlem duymak, hedeflemekTo strongly want to achieve
at æt
prep -de, -daIn or near a place
at a crossroads
phrase yol ayrımındaAt a point where big choices must be made
at times
phrase zaman zamanSometimes
Athenians
noun AtinalılarPeople who lived in Athens
Athens
noun AtinaThe capital city of Greece
attachment əˈtætʃmənt
noun bağlılıkA feeling of close connection
author ˈɔːθə
noun yazarA person who writes books
band bænd
noun küçük grupA small group of people
barricade ˌbærɪˈkeɪd
verb barikat kurup kapanmakTo block a place to keep enemies out
bay beɪ
noun uzak tutma durumu — 'at bay' / 'hold at bay' kalıbındaa position where an enemy cannot get close
bc ˌbiː ˈsiː
noun Milattan Önce — MÖ anlamına gelirused after a year to show it was before Christ's birth
be biː
verb olmakTo exist; used to link or form passives
bear bɔːn
verb doğmakBrought into life; here, first created
behind bɪˈhaɪnd
prep arkasındaAt the back of
belief bɪˈliːf
noun inançSomething a person thinks is true
beneath bɪˈniːθ
prep altına, altındaUnder
bequeath bɪˈkwiːð
verb miras bırakmakTo pass down to later generations
best best
noun en iyilerThe most excellent people or things
between bɪˈtwiːn
prep arasındaIn the space or link joining two things
bond bɒnd
noun bağlarClose links between people or countries
boulder ˈbəʊldə
noun kaya parçalarıVery large rocks
boundless ˈbaʊndləs
adj sınırsızWithout limits
break breɪk
verb kopmakTo come apart or end
broken ˈbrəʊkən
adj kırık, parçalanmışIn pieces; damaged
build bɪld
verb inşa etmekTo make by putting parts together
building ˈbɪldɪŋ
verb inşa etmemaking something by putting parts together
bury ˈberi
verb gömmekTo put under the ground
but bʌt
conj amaUsed to show contrast
but also
phrase ama aynı zamandaAdds a second, related point
by baɪ
prep -e kadar; ileBefore a time; through the action of
by contrast
phrase buna karşılıkUsed to show a clear difference
by contrast
phrase buna karşılıkused to show a clear difference from what was said
can kæn
verb -ebilmekTo be able to
capacity kəˈpæsəti
noun yetenek, kapasiteAbility to do something
care keə
verb önemsemekTo think something is important
century ˈsentʃəri
noun yüzyılA period of one hundred years
chains tʃeɪnz
noun zincirler — 'supply chains' içindeseries of linked businesses or stages in producing goods
choose tʃuːz
verb seçmekTo decide on one option
cited ˈsaɪtɪd
adj alıntılanan — 'most-cited': en çok atıf yapılanmentioned as a source or example
city ˈsɪti
noun şehirA large town
civic ˈsɪvɪk
adj toplumsal, kentselOf a city and its citizens
civilisation ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən
noun medeniyetAn advanced society and its culture
claim kleɪm
verb ileri sürmekTo say something is true
cliff klɪf
noun uçurumlarSteep rock faces
come to
phrase -meye başlamakTo gradually begin to do something
comfort ˈkʌmfət
noun rahatlıkA state of ease
coming ˈkʌmɪŋ
adj önümüzdekiAbout to happen; next
commitment kəˈmɪtmənt
noun taahhütlerPromises to do something
compete kəmˈpiːt
verb rekabet etmekTo try to win against others
competition ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən
noun rekabetTrying to be better than others
contrast ˈkɒntrɑːst
noun karşıtlıka clear difference between two things
control kənˈtrəʊl
noun denetimPower to direct something
conviction kənˈvɪkʃən
noun kanaat, inançA firm belief
courage ˈkʌrɪdʒ
noun cesaretAbility to face danger without fear
critical ˈkrɪtɪkəl
adj hayatiExtremely important
curiosity ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti
noun merakStrong wish to know things
daring ˈdeərɪŋ
adj cesurBrave and willing to take risks
day deɪ
noun günA period of twenty-four hours
debt det
noun borç, minnetSomething owed; a duty of thanks
decade ˈdekeɪd
noun on yılA period of ten years
decision dɪˈsɪʒən
noun kararlarChoices made after thought
deeper ˈdiːpə
adj daha derinGoing further down or inside
defence dɪˈfens
noun savunmaProtection against attack; military
defend dɪˈfend
verb savunmakTo protect from attack
deliver dɪˈlɪvə
verb sunmak, vermekTo give a speech
deliver an address
phrase konuşma yapmakTo give a formal speech
demand dɪˈmɑːnd
verb gerektirmekTo need or require
democracy dɪˈmɒkrəsi
noun demokrasiRule by the people through voting
diplomacy dɪˈpləʊməsi
noun diplomasiManaging relations between countries peacefully
dominance ˈdɒmɪnəns
noun üstünlükBeing the strongest or most powerful
down daʊn
adv aşağıTowards a lower place
downward ˈdaʊnwəd
adv aşağıya doğruTowards a lower level
draw on
phrasal verb yararlanmak, başvurmakTo use something as a source
drawing ˈdrɔːɪŋ
verb yararlanarakusing something as a source of ideas or information
drawing on
phrase başvurarak, yararlanarak — draw onusing knowledge or experience as a source
economy ɪˈkɒnəmi
noun ekonomiA country's system of money and trade
energy ˈenədʒi
noun enerjiPower such as oil, gas or electricity
equally ˈiːkwəli
adv aynı şekildeIn the same way; just as importantly
etch etʃ
verb kazınmış, işlenmişCut deeply so as to leave a lasting mark
Europe
noun AvrupaThe continent including Greece and France
evacuate ɪˈvækjueɪt
verb tahliye etmekTo move people away from danger
eventually ɪˈventʃuəli
adv sonundaAfter a long time
everything ˈevriθɪŋ
pron her şeyAll things
example ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl
noun örnekSomething to copy as a model
excellence ˈeksələns
noun mükemmellikVery high quality
exemplary ɪɡˈzempləri
adj örnek teşkil edenGood enough to be a model
existence ɪɡˈzɪstəns
noun varoluşThe state of being alive
expand ɪkˈspænd
verb büyümekTo become larger
exploration ˌekspləˈreɪʃən
noun keşifTravelling to find out about unknown places
express ɪkˈspres
verb dile getirmekTo show a thought or feeling
expression ɪkˈspreʃən
noun ifadeler, yansımalarOutward signs of an idea or quality
fail feɪl
verb başarısız olmakTo not succeed
failure ˈfeɪljə
noun başarısızlıkNot succeeding
far fɑː
adv çok dahaBy a large amount
federalist
noun Federalist (yazıları)relating to the 1780s essays supporting the US Constitution
Federalist Papers
noun Federalist YazılarıEssays supporting the US Constitution, 1780s
Federalist Papers
noun Federalist Yazılarıessays from the 1780s arguing for the US Constitution
fight faɪt
verb savaşmakTo struggle against an enemy
fire ˈfaɪə
noun ateş, ruhBurning heat; here, strong spirit
follow ˈfɒləʊ
verb izlemekTo do the same as another
for fɔː
prep içinIntended to benefit
force fɔːs
noun güç, askeri güçMilitary power
foresight ˈfɔːsaɪt
noun ileri görüşlülükAbility to predict and prepare for the future
forget fəˈɡet
verb unutmakTo lose memory of
foundation faʊnˈdeɪʃən
noun temellerBasic ideas on which something is built
freedom ˈfriːdəm
noun özgürlükThe state of being free
friend frend
noun dostSomeone you like and trust
from frɒm
prep -den, -danStarting at a place or time
fundamental ˌfʌndəˈmentəl
adj temelBasic and most important
future ˈfjuːtʃə
noun gelecekTime that has not yet come
gather ˈɡæðə
verb toplamakTo collect together
government ˈɡʌvənmənt
noun hükümetThe group that rules a country
great ɡreɪt
adj büyükVery important or impressive
Greece
noun YunanistanCountry in southern Europe
Greek ɡriːk
adj Yunan; YunanlılarOf Greece or its people
grow ɡrəʊ
verb olmak (giderek)To gradually become
grow ashamed
phrase utanır hale gelmekTo start feeling shame
guiding ˈɡaɪdɪŋ
adj yol göstericiDirecting what one does
guiding principle
noun yol gösterici ilkeA basic rule that directs actions
guilt ɡɪlt
noun suçlulukFeeling of having done wrong
hague
noun Laheya Dutch city where international meetings are held
have hæv
verb sahip olmak; (yardımcı fiil)To own; used to form perfect tenses
he hiː
pron o (erkek)The man being talked about
heart hɑːt
noun öz, merkezThe most important part
here hɪə
adv buradaIn this place
hill hɪl
noun tepeA raised area of land
him hɪm
pron onu, ona (erkek)The man being talked about
his hɪz
det onunBelonging to him
historic hɪˈstɒrɪk
adj tarihiImportant in history
historical hɪˈstɒrɪkəl
adj tarihselOf or about the past
hold həʊld
verb engellemek, tutmakto keep something in a place or stop it moving
hold at bay
phrase uzak tutmakTo stop an enemy from coming close
hold at bay
phrase uzak tutmakto stop someone or something from coming close or attacking
home həʊm
noun evlerPlaces where people live
hope həʊp
verb ummakTo wish and expect something
huge hjuːdʒ
adj devasaVery large
human ˈhjuːmən
adj insaniOf people
ideology ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi
noun ideolojilerSets of political or social beliefs
importance ɪmˈpɔːtəns
noun önemThe quality of mattering a lot
in ɪn
prep içinde; -deInside a place, time or state
in his telling
phrase onun anlatımına göreAccording to his account
in his telling
phrase onun anlatımına göreaccording to the way he describes it
indispensable ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl
adj vazgeçilmezToo important to do without
individualism ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlɪzəm
noun bireycilikBelief in the freedom of each person
insatiable ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl
adj doyumsuzImpossible to satisfy
insist ɪnˈsɪst
verb ısrar etmekTo say firmly
institution ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən
noun kurumlarLarge organisations like courts or governments
interest ˈɪntrəst
noun çıkarlarThings that benefit a nation
into ˈɪntuː
prep içineTo the inside of
invader ɪnˈveɪdə
noun istilacılarPeople who enter a land by force
island ˈaɪlənd
noun adaLand surrounded by water
it ɪt
pron o (nesne)The thing being talked about
its ɪts
det onun (nesne)Belonging to it
itself ɪtˈself
pron kendisiUsed to stress the thing mentioned
know nəʊ
verb bilmekTo have knowledge of
last lɑːst
adj geçenMost recent
later ˈleɪtə
adv sonraAt a time after
legacy ˈleɡəsi
noun mirasWhat is left by the past
life laɪf
noun yaşamBeing alive; way of living
light lɪt
verb yakılmışSet burning
long lɒŋ
adj uzunLasting a great time
loom luːm
verb heybetle yükselmekTo appear large and impressive
lose luːz
verb kaybetmekTo no longer have
manufacturing ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ
noun imalatMaking goods in factories
many ˈmeni
det birçokA large number of
Marco
noun Marco Rubio'nun adıFirst name of the US Secretary of State
mathematics ˌmæθəˈmætɪks
noun matematikThe study of numbers and shapes
medicine ˈmedsən
noun tıpThe science of treating illness
migration maɪˈɡreɪʃən
noun göçMovement of people to other countries
millennia mɪˈleniə
noun binlerce yılThousands of years
more mɔː
adv dahaTo a greater degree
most məʊst
det çoğuThe greater part of
most-cited ˌməʊst ˈsaɪtɪd
adj en çok alıntılananQuoted or referred to more than any other
much mʌtʃ
pron büyük bölümüA large part
must mʌst
verb -meliHave to; need to
name neɪm
noun isimA word someone or something is called
nation ˈneɪʃən
noun ulus, devletA country and its people
national ˈnæʃənəl
adj ulusalOf a whole country
nearby ˌnɪəˈbaɪ
adj yakındakiNot far away
new njuː
adj yeniRecently made or begun
next nekst
adj gelecek, sonrakiComing after this one
not nɒt
adv değilUsed to make a statement negative
note nəʊt
verb belirtmekTo mention as important
now naʊ
adv şimdi, artıkAt the present time
of ɒv
prep -nin, -inBelonging to or connected with
of what
phrase neydenOf the thing that
on ɒn
prep üzerinde; -deTouching a surface; at a day
once wʌns
conj bir kez ki, -inceAs soon as; after
or ɔː
conj veyaUsed to show a choice
our ˈaʊə
det bizimBelonging to us
owe əʊ
verb borçlu olmakTo need to give or repay
papers ˈpeɪpəz
noun yazılar, makalelerwritten essays or documents
Parthenon
noun Partenon tapınağıFamous ancient temple on the Acropolis
partnership ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp
noun ortaklıklarWorking relationships between groups
passion ˈpæʃən
noun tutkuVery strong feeling
perfect ˈpɜːfɪkt
adj kusursuzWithout any fault
Pericles
noun Atinalı devlet adamı PeriklesAthenian leader who ordered the Parthenon built
Persians
noun PerslerPeople of the ancient Persian empire
Philadelphia
noun ABD'de bir şehirUS city whose name comes from Greek
philosophy fɪˈlɒsəfi
noun felsefeStudy of basic questions about life and knowledge
place pleɪs
noun yerlerLocations; sites
Plutarch
noun antik Yunan yazarı PlutarkhosAncient Greek writer of famous biographies
Pnyx
noun Atina'daki antik halk meclisi tepesiHill in Athens where citizens met in ancient times
Pnyx at
phrase Pnyx'teAt the Pnyx hill
poetry ˈpəʊətri
noun şiirPoems as a form of writing
point to
phrasal verb işaret etmekTo mention as evidence
point to
phrase işaret etmekto mention something as evidence or example
pointing ˈpɔɪntɪŋ
verb işaret ederekshowing or drawing attention to something
politics ˈpɒlətɪks
noun siyasetActivities of governing a country
potential pəˈtenʃəl
noun potansiyelAbility to develop into something
praise preɪz
verb övmekTo say good things about
prevail prɪˈveɪl
verb galip gelmekTo win in the end
pride praɪd
noun onur, gururFeeling of deep satisfaction in oneself
principle ˈprɪnsəpəl
noun ilkeA basic rule or belief
prosperity prɒˈsperəti
noun refahSuccess and wealth
pursuit pəˈsjuːt
noun peşinde koşmaThe act of trying to achieve something
quality ˈkwɒləti
noun nitelikA feature of character
ranging ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
verb kapsayancovering a variety of subjects
raze reɪz
verb yerle bir etmekTo destroy completely
reach riːtʃ
verb ulaşmakTo arrive at
rebuild ˌriːˈbɪld
verb yeniden inşa etmekTo build again
recall rɪˈkɔːl
verb hatırlatmak, anmakTo remember and talk about
reclaim rɪˈkleɪm
verb geri almakTo take back
refuse rɪˈfjuːz
verb reddetmekTo say no to doing something
reindustrialise ˌriːɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪz
verb yeniden sanayileştirmekTo build up industry again
rekindle ˌriːˈkɪndəl
verb yeniden alevlendirmekTo make burn or grow strong again
relentless rɪˈlentləs
adj amansız, durmayanNever stopping or weakening
remains rɪˈmeɪnz
noun kalıntılarWhat is left after destruction
rest on
phrasal verb dayanmakTo be based on
return rɪˈtɜːn
verb geri dönmekTo come back
revive rɪˈvaɪv
verb canlandırmakTo bring back to life or strength
rising ˈraɪzɪŋ
adj artanGoing up
risk rɪsk
noun riskA chance of something bad happening
roll rəʊl
verb yuvarlamakTo push something so it turns over and over
Rubio
noun Marco Rubio, ABD Dışişleri BakanıUS Secretary of State who gave the speech
run rʌn
verb uzanmak, işlemekTo extend or go
run deep
phrase derinlere uzanmakTo go very far below the surface
sacred ˈseɪkrɪd
adj kutsalHoly; connected with religion
safety ˈseɪfti
noun güvenlikBeing free from danger
say seɪ
verb söylemekTo speak words
science ˈsaɪəns
noun bilimStudy of the natural world through tests
secretary ˈsekrətri
noun bakana senior government minister
Secretary of State
noun ABD Dışişleri BakanıSenior US official in charge of foreign policy
set set
verb koymak, ateşe vermekTo cause to be in a state
set ablaze
phrase ateşe vermekTo make something start burning
set apart
phrasal verb ayırt etmekTo make different from others
sets sets
verb ayırırThird person of set
ship ʃɪp
noun gemiA large boat
since sɪns
conj çünküBecause
slumber ˈslʌmbə
noun uyku, durgunlukSleep; here, long inactivity
small smɔːl
adj küçükNot large
source sɔːs
noun kaynakWhere something comes from
speak spiːk
verb konuşmakTo say words; give a talk
spending ˈspendɪŋ
noun harcamaMoney used on something
stand stænd
verb durmakTo be in a position or state
state steɪt
noun devlet (dışişleri)a nation or its government
statecraft ˈsteɪtkrɑːft
noun devlet yönetimi sanatıSkill in running a country's affairs
states steɪts
noun devletlercountries or their governments
story ˈstɔːri
noun hikâyeAn account of events
strain streɪn
verb zorlamak, germekTo put pressure on a relationship
strength streŋθ
noun güçBeing strong
strengthen ˈstreŋθən
verb güçlendirmekTo make stronger
strong strɒŋ
adj güçlüHaving great power
supply səˈplaɪ
noun tedarikthe providing of goods that people need
supply chain
noun tedarik zincirleriNetworks that make and deliver goods
supply chain
noun tedarik zincirithe series of steps by which goods are made and delivered
survive səˈvaɪv
verb hayatta kalmakTo continue to live or exist
take teɪk
verb almak (karar)To make a decision
technology tekˈnɒlədʒi
noun teknolojilerMachines and methods from scientific knowledge
telling ˈtelɪŋ
noun anlatıma person's way of describing events
than ðæn
conj -den dahaUsed to compare two things
that ðæt
conj ki; -dığınıWord introducing a clause
the ðə
det (belirli tanımlık)Word used before a known or specific thing
The Hague
noun LaheyDutch city where a NATO summit was held
The Hague
noun Lahey (Hollanda şehri)a Dutch city where international meetings are held
their ðeə
det onlarınBelonging to them
them ðem
pron onlar (nesne) — Burada 'the United States and Europe'ı gösterirthe people or things already mentioned
themselves ðəmˈselvz
pron kendileriniThose same people
themselves on
phrase kendilerini ... kapatmakPart of barricaded themselves on the Acropolis
then ðen
adv o zamana kadarAt that time
they ðeɪ
pron onlarThe people just mentioned
this ðɪs
det buThe one just mentioned
those ðəʊz
pron o kişiler; onlarThe people or things referred to
threat θret
noun tehditlerDangers that may cause harm
Thumos
noun thumos, ruhsal ateşGreek word for spirited passion and courage
time taɪm
noun zamanMoments or occasions
to tuː
prep -e, -a; -mekTowards; also marks the infinitive
today təˈdeɪ
adv bugünIn the present age
together təˈɡeðə
adv birlikteWith each other
trait treɪt
noun özelliklerQualities of character
transatlantic ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk
adj Atlantik ötesiAcross the Atlantic, between Europe and America
treat triːt
verb görmek, ele almakTo consider in a certain way
trial ˈtraɪəl
noun sınavlar, zorluklarDifficult experiences that test people
Trump
noun ABD Başkanı Donald TrumpCurrent US president
unapologetically ˌʌnəˌpɒləˈdʒetɪkli
adv çekinmeden, özür dilemedenWithout feeling sorry or ashamed
under ˈʌndə
prep döneminde; altındaDuring the rule of; below
united juːˈnaɪtɪd
adj birleşikjoined together as one
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik DevletleriThe country of America
United States
noun Amerika Birleşik Devletlerithe North American country led from Washington
unknown ˌʌnˈnəʊn
noun bilinmeyenWhat is not yet understood
upward ˈʌpwəd
adv yukarıya doğruTowards a higher level
US
adj ABD'ye aitShort for United States
US Secretary of State
noun ABD Dışişleri Bakanıthe US government's chief foreign affairs minister
use juːz
verb kullanmakTo employ for a purpose
value ˈvæljuː
noun değerlerBeliefs about what is important
very ˈveri
adj bizzat, tam daUsed to stress a noun
vocabulary vəˈkæbjələri
noun sözcük dağarcığıThe words used in a language or field
wake weɪk
verb uyanmakTo stop sleeping
war wɔː
noun savaşFighting between countries
we wiː
pron bizThe speaker and others
Wednesday ˈwenzdeɪ
noun ÇarşambaDay between Tuesday and Thursday
West west
noun BatıEurope and North America as a cultural group
what wɒt
pron şey, -dığı şeyThe thing that
when wen
conj -dığındaAt the time that
which wɪtʃ
pron ki oUsed to refer to a thing already mentioned
who huː
pron ki onlarUsed to say which person you mean
wide waɪd
adj genişcovering a large range of things
wide-ranging ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ
adj geniş kapsamlıCovering many different subjects
wide-ranging
adj geniş kapsamlıcovering many different subjects
will wɪl
noun iradeStrong determination
with wɪð
prep ile; arkasındaTogether with; having
without wɪˈðaʊt
prep -sız, olmadanNot having
withstand wɪðˈstænd
verb dayanmakTo resist successfully
world wɜːld
noun dünyaThe earth and everything in it
worst wɜːst
noun en kötülerThe least good people or things
would wʊd
verb -ecek (dolaylı anlatım) — Burada 'hoped all of Europe would follow'used for future in reported speech
write raɪt
verb yazmak, belirlemekTo put words on paper; here, shape
write the story
phrase geleceği belirlemekTo decide how events will unfold
Xerxes
noun Pers kralı I. KserksesPersian king who invaded Greece
year jɪə
noun yılA period of twelve months
yet jet
conj yine deEven so; however
Bir kelimeye dokun: anlamını ve cümlenin Türkçesini burada gör.